The distribution and prevalence of human papillomavirus in women in mainland China

Abstract

We conducted a systematic review of the epidemiology of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in mainland Chinese women to provide a general profile for the application and subsequent effectiveness evaluation of HPV vaccines. The PubMed, Web of Science, Medline (Ovid), China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases were used for the literature search. The epidemiological studies published from January 2000 to June 2018 on high-risk HPVs in mainland Chinese women were investigated to systematically evaluate their epidemiological status. A total of 198 eligible studies were included. The results of metaanalysis showed that the overall infection rate of high-risk HPVs in mainland Chinese women was 19.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.1%-20.9%), and the top 5 subtypes with the highest infection rates were 16, 52, 58, 53, and 18. The overall infection rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I (CINI), CINII+, and cervical cancer patients were 59.6% (95% CI, 52.7%-66.4%), 84.8% (95% CI, 81.2%-88.5%), and 89.9% (95% CI, 86.6%-93.1%), respectively. The high-risk HPV infections and common subtypes in women of various ages in various regions were different, and the high-risk HPVs and subtypes in cervical cancer patients in various regions were also different. In conclusion, we systematically analyzed the HPV infections in women who live on the Chinese mainland. The epidemiology of high-risk HPVs in mainland Chinese women is basically consistent with that for the rest of the world. The HPV vaccines currently licensed in China could cover the major prevalent high-risk HPV subtypes in China, providing a basis for the development of cervical cancer screening strategy and the vaccine implementation in China.

Chlamydia trachomatis and Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women From Southern Hunan Province in China: A Large Observational Study

“…High-risk HPV (HrHPV) types are closely associated with cervical, anal, and other genital cancers (Harden and Munger, 2017). The overall HrHPV infection rate in China is over 89% in patients with cervical cancer, ranging from 81% in North to 94% in Southwest of China (Li et al, 2019).…”

Human papillomavirus infection and follow-up on positive results in 7222 female samples obtained from 2016 to 2019 in Hefei, China

“…The five most common high-risk HPV genotypes worldwide are HPV 16 (3.2%), HPV 18 (1.4%), HPV 52 (0.9%), HPV 31 (0.8%), and HPV 58 (0.7%) ( Bruni et al, 2010 ). In mainland China, the five most prevalent high-risk genotypes are HPV 16, HPV 52, HPV 58, HPV 53, and HPV 18 ( Li et al, 2019 ). Difference in the dominant high-risk genotypes of HPV infection also exists among cities in China.…”

Prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection among 214,715 women from Southern China, 2012-2018: baseline measures prior to mass HPV vaccination

“…Global HPV prevalence estimates are known to vary by the region, study design, target population and calendar time [16]. According to the previous reports, HPV positive rates range from 6.70% to 44.50% in China [11]. Notably, Western Asia (1.70%) and North America (4.70%) had a low rates of HPV infection, while East Africa (33.6%) and the Caribbean (35.4%) had a high rates of HPV infection [17][18][19].…”

“…HPV16 and -18 have been found to be the most pathogenic of the HR-HPV types, causing about 70% of cervical cancers worldwide [7][8][9][10]. Of note, most HPV infections are completely asymptomatic, resulting in a delay in diagnosis and follow-up treatment with disastrous consequences [11]. Moreover, HPV-infected individuals without early intervention will develop long-lasting HPV infections that put them at risk for cervical cancer, and increase the risk of sexual transmission to their partners, resulting in approximately estimated $1.7 billion in direct medical costs annually in the United States [12].…”