Aquaporins are a class of intrinsic membrane proteins that are primarily associated with water movement across membranes. In plants, biophysical studies indicated that water fluxes could not be explained by simple diffusive movement. The discovery of aquaporins that facilitate water movement across membranes in other organisms rapidly led to the identification of this class of proteins in plants. The large number of aquaporin genes identified in plant genomes compared to those from other organisms suggests that they play a major role in plant water relations. However, plant aquaporins also facilitate the transport of small solutes such as glycerol, silicon, ammonium, urea, boric acid, CO 2 , arsenite, and hydrogen peroxide within and between cells. Here, the aquaporin-like proteins that function on the plant plasma membrane are reviewed in the context of their apparent role in plant adaptive evolution.