The distribution of arctic-alpine elements within high-altitude vegetation of the Western Carpathians in relation to environmental factors, life forms and phytogeography

Šibíková, Ivana; Šibík, Jozef; Hájek, Michal; Kliment, Ján

doi:10.1127/0340-269x/2010/0040-0441

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Fossils suggest that a woodland zone existed in the southern foothills of the Carpathians and in the humid and well‐protected valleys at mid‐elevations even during the Last Glacial, providing a refugium for several climatically demanding species (Willis et al ., ; Ložek, ). However, the Carpathians acted as refugium not only for temperate biota during the Pleniglacial, but also for cold‐adapted species during warm Postglacial episodes, either at higher elevations as shown by the phylogeographical and distributional patterns of many mountain species (Schmitt, ; Schmitt & Varga, ; Schmitt, Muster & Schönswetter, ; Šibíková et al ., ; Ronikier, ) or in habitats such as fens and peat bogs at lower elevations (Hájková et al ., ). Compared with other biota‐rich European mountain systems such as the Alps, the Balkan Peninsula mountains, and the Pyrenees, the Carpathians’ geographical position, isolation, area, landscape heterogeneity (Fig.…”

Section: The Carpathians As a Biodiversity Hotspotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography of the Carpathians: evolutionary and spatial facets of biodiversity

Mráz

Ronikier

2016

Biol. J. Linn. Soc.

128

105

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The Carpathians are the largest mountain range in Central Europe. Their geographical position, extent, isolation, landscape heterogeneity, well‐preserved environment, and relatively low impact of Quaternary glaciations make them of utmost importance for studies on European biodiversity and biogeography. In this review, introducing a Special Issue of the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, we provide an overview of current research and focus on three main aspects: (1) distribution patterns and species richness including endemism; (2) phylogeographical patterns, inference of major barriers, and divergence areas; and (3) cytological studies and cytogeography inferred from vascular plant polyploid complexes. Our survey shows that, although accurate estimation is not possible for several important taxonomic entities because of unavailable or dispersed data, the Carpathians are a clear hotspot of European diversity for many groups of organisms, such as mammals, breeding birds, amphibians, lichens, and vascular plants. Certain groups, not necessarily those with high species richness, are rich in endemic taxa. This holds mainly for subterranean invertebrates, molluscs, grasshoppers, beetles, spiders, and vascular plants. Distribution patterns of endemic richness vary across taxonomic groups, as well as geographically, reflecting both history and habitat features. In general, the South‐Eastern Carpathians have a significantly higher proportion of endemic taxa than the northerly‐situated Western Carpathians. Molecular clock‐based estimations have provided some insight into the diversification age of the Carpathian biota, including a Tertiary origin for some endemic taxa and lineages, especially those confined to environmentally stable habitats. Distribution patterns, as well as phylogeographical and phylogenetic data, corroborate the persistence of many high‐mountain and forest taxa during the Quaternary climatic oscillations, often in multiple spatially delimited areas isolated by physical barriers. Several studies show that the Carpathian massifs played an important role as refugia for rare lineages and/or as stepping stones in migrations. Phylogeographical analysis reveals clear patterns of biogeographical breaks, as well as links, although clear exceptions also confirm that extant distribution patterns are often shaped more by idiosyncratic processes acting at different geological times. Cytogeographical data also uncover several consistent patterns, which probably reflect a deeper evolutionary history. In conclusion, the available data highlight the unique position of the Carpathians in the evolution and preservation of European biota within the European Alpine System.

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Section: The Carpathians As a Biodiversity Hotspotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography of the Carpathians: evolutionary and spatial facets of biodiversity

Mráz

Ronikier

2016

Biol. J. Linn. Soc.

128

105

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“…Thes pecifics of high-altitude vegetation, its patchiness and abrupt changes in individual ecologicalg radients causing great variability were all taken into account when performing the cluster analyses, which were often achieved in severals teps by experts specialising in individual vegetation types (cf. Kliment et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then omenclature of highers yntaxa follows Jarolímek and Sˇibík (2008) and Kliment et al (2010). The subspeciesare marked by an asterisk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The statistical comparison of boths ynoptic tables of associations -t he first created from the dataset of 464 relevés with the original assignment based on the traditional expert classification using the cluster analyses (Petrík et al 2006, Kliment et al 2010 and the second (see Supplementary material) based on formal classification -s hows that we can accept the null hypotheses.…”

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An expert-based classification of high-altitude arctic-alpine vegetation of the classCarici rupestris-KobresieteaOhba 1974: Achievements and obstacles

Svitková¹,

Šibík²

2013

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all As

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The specific species-rich high-altitude vegetation of the class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii Ohba 1974 (CK), with the occurrence of many arctic-alpine and endemic species, was chosen for acase study. The analyses were based on adataset of 37,204 phytosociological relevés from the Slovak Vegetation Database. The traditional classification of the class CK, based on cluster analyses, was reproduced satisfactorily by means of formalised classification, based on the formal definitions created by the Cocktail method together with the frequency-positive fidelity index affiliation. Unequivocal assignment criteria for all eight associations of both alliances [ Oxytropido-Elynion Br.-Bl. (1948) 1949 and Festucion versicoloris Krajina 1933 of the class CK were formulated. The formal delimitations followed the traditional ones very well. It was demonstrated that the results of applying the formal definitions created on the basis of alarge, geographically stratified dataset capturing the occurrence of all vegetation types in Slovakia were highly similar in comparison with the traditional classification based on the results of cluster analysis. The reliability and the pros and cons of the expert system are also discussed.

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Vegetation of the Alpine and Nival Belts

Leuschner

Ellenberg

2017

Ecology of Central European Non-Forest Vegetation: Coastal to Alpine, Natural to Man-Made Habitats

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The distribution of arctic-alpine elements within high-altitude vegetation of the Western Carpathians in relation to environmental factors, life forms and phytogeography

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Biogeography of the Carpathians: evolutionary and spatial facets of biodiversity

Biogeography of the Carpathians: evolutionary and spatial facets of biodiversity

An expert-based classification of high-altitude arctic-alpine vegetation of the classCarici rupestris-KobresieteaOhba 1974: Achievements and obstacles

Vegetation of the Alpine and Nival Belts

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