The Distribution of Bird Species in the New World: Patterns in Species Turnover

Blackburn, Tim M.; Gaston, Kevin J.

doi:10.2307/3545594

Cited by 57 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Similar empirical spatial patterns of variation in beta diversity have been observed for β −1 and β t when these are applied to the same data sets (Wilson & Shmida 1984;Blackburn & Gaston 1996). Under the above conditions, β −1 and β t were not identical for a pair of samples (Wilson & Shmida 1984); however, by definition they are obviously linearly dependent and using a′, b′ and c′ values were perfectly positively correlated (r = 1).…”

Section:   supporting

confidence: 61%

“…First, beta diversity has been calculated between adjacent pairs of quadrats along a transect, and the relationship sought between these values and the position on the transect (Wilson & Shmida 1984;Cody 1986), or a single value has been obtained from the cumulative gain and loss of species from the pairwise comparisons (Willig & Sandlin 1992;Blackburn & Gaston 1996;Mourelle & Ezcurra 1997). Secondly, beta diversity has been calculated between all pairs of quadrats along the transect, and the relationship sought between these values and the distance separating each of the pairs (Whittaker 1960(Whittaker , 1972Cody 1986;Harrison et al 1992;Mourelle & Ezcurra 1997;Clarke & Lidgard 2000) or the beta diversity between the pairs is expressed graphically, grouping similar areas (Magurran 1988;Price et al 1999).…”

Section: (I) Transectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species turnover often depends on the distance between the quadrats compared, with low to moderate values typically expected over short distances and higher levels over longer distances (Cody 1986;Harte & Kinzig 1997). Thirdly, beta diversity is estimated for the whole transect on the basis of the relationship between the species richness of the quadrats and the overall richness of the whole transect (Whittaker 1960;Wilson & Shmida 1984;Harrison et al 1992;Blackburn & Gaston 1996).…”

Section: (I) Transectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efforts have been made to compile and compare selected measures of beta diversity (see Routledge 1984;Wilson & Shmida 1984;Magurran 1988;Williams 1996a;Krebs 1999;Southwood & Henderson 2000). Some measures are clearly closely correlated, at least under some conditions, while others give wildly different patterns of results for the same data sets (Wilson & Shmida 1984;Blackburn & Gaston 1996;Williams 1996a;Williams et al . 1999;Clarke & Lidgard 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring beta diversity for presence–absence data

Koleff

Gaston

Lennon³

2003

Journal of Animal Ecology

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1,468

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Summary 1.Little consensus has been reached as to general features of spatial variation in beta diversity, a fundamental component of species diversity. This could reflect a genuine lack of simple gradients in beta diversity, or a lack of agreement as to just what constitutes beta diversity. Unfortunately, a large number of approaches have been applied to the investigation of variation in beta diversity, which potentially makes comparisons of the findings difficult. 2. We review 24 measures of beta diversity for presence/absence data (the most frequent form of data to which such measures are applied) that have been employed in the literature, express many of them for the first time in common terms, and compare some of their basic properties. 3. Four groups of measures are distinguished, with a fundamental distinction arising between 'broad sense' measures incorporating differences in composition attributable to species richness gradients, and 'narrow sense' measures that focus on compositional differences independent of such gradients. On a number of occasions on which the former have been employed in the literature the latter may have been more appropriate, and there are many situations in which consideration of both kinds of measures would be valuable. 4. We particularly recommend (i) considering beta diversity measures in terms of matching/mismatching components (usually denoted a , b and c ) and thereby identifying the contribution of different sources of variation in species composition, and (ii) the use of ternary plots to express the relationship between the values of these measures and of the components, and as a way of understanding patterns in beta diversity.

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Section:   supporting

confidence: 61%

Section: (I) Transectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (I) Transectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Measuring beta diversity for presence–absence data

Koleff

Gaston

Lennon³

2003

Journal of Animal Ecology

Self Cite

1,468

1,401

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“…A diversidade beta, isto é, a variação na composição de espécies entre sítios (Whittaker 1972), tem um importante papel na biologia da conservação (Blackburn & Gaston 1996). Caso a composição de espécies de um determinado local não mude com a distância, a localização de novas unidades de conservação dentro deste local não é importante.…”

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Composição de espécies de Arctiidae (Lepidoptera) no sul do Brasil: relação entre tipos de vegetação e entre a configuração espacial do hábitat

Ferro¹,

Teston²

2009

Rev. Bras. entomol.

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The Danube restoration project: species diversity patterns across connectivity gradients in the floodplain system

Tockner

Schiemer

Baumgärtner

et al. 1999

Regul. Rivers: Res. Mgmt.

198

136

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The relationship between hydrological connectivity and species diversity patterns (alpha and beta diversity) of macrophytes, molluscs, odonates and amphibians was investigated in a semi‐natural floodplain segment in the ‘Alluvial Zone National Park’ of the Danube River in Austria. Based on environmental variables, we distinguished four major channel types (inflow channel, parapotamal, plesiopotamal and palaeopotamal) that reflected a lateral connectivity gradient. In addition, a longitudinal environmental gradient along the parapotamal channel was found. Connectivity, rather than the surface area of individual floodplain water bodies, explained local species richness. Species diversity patterns varied among taxa: the highest species richness values for molluscs occurred in the parapotamal channels, for odonates in the para‐ and plesiopotamal channels, for macrophytes in the plesiopotamal channels and for amphibians in the palaeopotamal channels. Within the parapotamal channels, the species richness of odonates and amphibians increased moving upstream. Beta diversity displayed an almost inverse relationship with alpha diversity, with highest average values in isolated and fragmented floodplain channels. Habitat fragmentation favoured the beta diversity of most groups, although connectivity favoured the beta diversity of amphibians. The highest proportion of endangered species (mainly rheophilic forms) was found in the parapotamal channels. It is concluded that preservation of the high diversity of this alluvial flood plain would be more fully realised by reconstitution of fluvial dynamics and the associated connectivity gradients, rather than by restoration strategies for individual groups or endangered species. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The Distribution of Bird Species in the New World: Patterns in Species Turnover

Cited by 57 publications

References 49 publications

Measuring beta diversity for presence–absence data

Measuring beta diversity for presence–absence data

Composição de espécies de Arctiidae (Lepidoptera) no sul do Brasil: relação entre tipos de vegetação e entre a configuração espacial do hábitat

The Danube restoration project: species diversity patterns across connectivity gradients in the floodplain system

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