The distribution of clones of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci) among herdspersons and dairy cows demonstrates lack of host specificity for some lineages

Sørensen, Uffe B. Skov; Klaas, Ilka Christine; Boes, Jaap; Farre, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.06.008

Cited by 41 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Group B Streptococcus (GBS)—also known as Streptococcus agalactiae —is a gram-positive bacterium with a wide host range (Brochet et al, 2006 ; Delannoy et al, 2016 ; Richards et al, 2019 ). Major hosts of interest from a public health and socio-economic point of view are humans (High et al, 2005 ; Le Doare et al, 2017 ; Seale et al, 2017 ), fishes (Jafar et al, 2008 ; Liu et al, 2014 ; Zamri-Saad, 2018 ), and cattle (Zadoks et al, 2011 ; Lyhs et al, 2016 ; Sørensen et al, 2019 ). In humans, GBS is a leading cause of neonatal invasive disease, and a pathogen of immunocompromised adults and elderly people (Farley and Strasbaugh, 2001 ; High et al, 2005 ; Skoff et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of a Prophage Integrase Typing Scheme for Group B Streptococcus

2020

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Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a gram-positive pathogen mainly affecting humans, cattle, and fishes. Mobile genetic elements play an important role in the evolution of GBS, its adaptation to host species and niches, and its pathogenicity. In particular, lysogenic prophages have been associated with a high virulence of certain strains and with their ability to cause invasive infections in humans. It is therefore important to be able to accurately detect and classify prophages in GBS genomes. Several bioinformatic tools for the identification of prophages in bacterial genomes are available on-line. However, genome searches for most of these programs are affected by the composition of their reference database. Lack of databases specific to GBS results in failure to recognize all prophages in the species. Additionally, performance of these programs is affected by genome fragmentation in the case of draft genomes, leading to underestimation of the number of phages. They also prove impractical when dealing with large genome datasets and they do not offer a quick way of classifying bacteriophages. We developed a GBS-specific method to screen genome assemblies for the presence of prophages and to classify them based on a reproducible typing scheme. This was achieved through an extensive search of a vast number of high-quality GBS sequences ( n = 572) originating from different host species and countries in order to build a database of phage integrase types, on which the scheme is based. The proposed typing scheme comprises 12 integration sites and sixteen prophage integrase types, including multiple subtypes per integration site and integrase genes that were not site-specific. Two putative phage-inducible chromosomal islands (PICI) and their insertion sites were also identified during the course of these analyses. Phages were common and diverse in all major clonal complexes associated with human disease and detected in isolates from every animal species and continent included in the study. This database will facilitate further work on the prevalence and role of prophages in GBS evolution, and identifies the roles of PICIs in GBS and of prophage in hypervirulent ST283 as areas for further research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of a Prophage Integrase Typing Scheme for Group B Streptococcus

2020

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“…Multiple serotypes are associated with both lineages [9]. For CC23 serotype Ia is primarily found in humans and serotype III in cattle [2,41]. In our study, isolates from CC23 mostly belonged to serotype III although a few serotype Ia isolates were detected in both eras.…”

Section: Multi-host Lineages Of Gbs Occur Among Historic and Contemporary Bovine Gbs Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected with ResFinder v3.2 [40]. Presence of the lactose operon (Lac.2) [26,41,42], which is a marker of bovine host adaptation, was assessed with BLASTn (query coverage QC>90%, and ID 95%), searching for genotypes Lac.2a, Lac.2b and Lac.2c [41]. Detection of ICE Tn916 and Tn5801, which carry the tetracycline resistance genes typical of human-associated GBS lineages [38], was also conducted with BLASTn searches (QC >80% and ID>95%), using reference sequence S. agalactiae 2603V/R, ICESag2603VR-1 (length = 18,031 bp) and S. agalactiae COH1, AAJR01000021.1 (selected region from 14,055 to 34,289; length = 20,235 bp), respectively.…”

Section: Analysis Of Accessory Genome Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fall and rise of group BStreptococcusin dairy cattle: reintroduction due to human-to-cattle host jumps?

Crestani

Forde

Lycett

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Group B Streptococcus (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae) is a major neonatal and opportunistic bacterial pathogen of humans and an important cause of mastitis in dairy cattle with significant impacts on food security. Following the introduction of mastitis control programs in the 1950s, GBS was nearly eradicated from the dairy industry in northern Europe, followed by re-emergence in the 21st century. Here, we sought to explain this re-emergence based on short and long read sequencing of historical (1953-1978; n = 44) and contemporary (1997-2012; n = 76) bovine GBS isolates. Our data show that a globally distributed bovine-associated lineage of GBS was commonly detected among historical isolates but never among contemporary isolates. By contrast, tetracycline resistance, which is present in all major GBS clones adapted to humans, was commonly and uniquely detected in contemporary bovine isolates. These observations provide evidence for strain replacement and suggest a human origin of newly emerged strains. Three novel GBS plasmids were identified, including two showing >98% homology with plasmids from Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, which co-exist with GBS in the human oropharynx. Our findings support introduction of GBS into the dairy population due to human to-cattle jumps on multiple occasions and demonstrate that reverse zoonotic transmission can erase successes of animal disease control campaigns.IMPACT STATEMENTPathogens can jump between humans and animals. Animal domestication and intensification of livestock production systems have caused multiple human to animal spill-over events, sometimes with significant impact on animal health and food production. The most common production-limiting disease of dairy cattle is mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, which can be caused by group B Streptococcus, a common commensal and pathogen of humans. Using genomic data from historical and recent isolates, we show that re-emergence of this pathogen in the dairy industry in northern Europe is due to strains with genomic signatures of human host-adaptation, including antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmids. This shows how elimination of animal diseases may be hampered by humans serving as a reservoir of multi-host pathogens, and reverse zoonotic transmission.REPOSITORIESReads for all isolates sequenced in this study have been submitted to the ENA Sequence Read Archive (SRA). SRA accession numbers are included in Table S1, supplementary material, available in the online version of this article.

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“…The Netherlands (Sato et al, 2017) MRSA Japan (Lyhs et al, 2016d) Group B Streptococcus Finland, Sweden (Sørensen, Klaas, Boes, & Farre, 2019) Group B Streptococcus Denmark (Cobo-Angel et al, 2019b) Group B Streptococcus Colombia (Martinez et al, 2000) Group B Streptococcus Canada (Manning et al, 2010) Group B Streptococcus Michigan (Dogan, Schukken, Santisteban, & Boor, 2005) Group B Streptococcus New York State (Van Loo et al, 2007) NT-MRSA The Netherlands (Schmidt, Kock, & Ehlers, 2017) S.aureus South Africa…”

Section: Conflict Of Interest Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the Zoonotic Potential of Bovine Mastitis by an Integrated One-Health Approach

Maity

Ambatipudi²

2020

Preprint

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In the midst of modernization of human lifestyle with the profound effect of sophisticated technologies, pathogens in parallel have also evolved gradually to stay masked and smuggled their ways into our lives. Of different pathogens, zoonotic microbes are the most challenging to control, attributed to faulty surveillance systems to monitor the emergence of any pathogens at the humananimal interface. Amongst different infectious diseases in bovines, mastitis is a prototypic emerging and reemerging disease caused by pathogenic microbes that have overcome a series of hierarchical barriers resulting in zoonotic transmission. Although it has been annoyingly persistent since ancient times, it has never been a focus for desperate measures. However, the most critical is the chronic asymptomatic subclinical mastitis that results in cut-by-cut torture to not only the animals but also to the global economy. Despite the rapid technological advancement, identification of mastitis in subclinical form at the local community level is still improbable, leading to a high chance of the pathogenic and antimicrobial spillover. Understanding the complex sociological and ecological factors influencing disease transmission risks and pathogen containment remains unelucidated. Multiple factors are essential for the successful detection and containment of pathogens that have prompted the initiation of the "One Health" approach. Nevertheless, there is a lack of collaborative approach between the local and global strategists to suggest and implement checkpoints at different horizons to control mastitis. Here, we review the evolution of these pathogens in the reservoir host, their zoonotic potential and the pros and cons of current management strategies. We also address the extent of success in implementing a concerted approach like "One Health One Welfare," which calls for interdisciplinary collaboration between professionals in human, animal and environmental health along with multi-omics to keep the pathogens at bay.

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The distribution of clones of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci) among herdspersons and dairy cows demonstrates lack of host specificity for some lineages

Cited by 41 publications

References 41 publications

Development and Application of a Prophage Integrase Typing Scheme for Group B Streptococcus

Development and Application of a Prophage Integrase Typing Scheme for Group B Streptococcus

The fall and rise of group BStreptococcusin dairy cattle: reintroduction due to human-to-cattle host jumps?

Targeting the Zoonotic Potential of Bovine Mastitis by an Integrated One-Health Approach

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