“…Public banks can allocate their funds to connected firms (Khwaja andMian, 2005, Sapienza, 2005), and this support can be increased during downturns due to limited scrutiny of banks' lending strategies (Coleman and Feler, 2015). In addition, during a crisis, public supportincluding lending by public bankscan help to maintain zombie firms above the waterline (Zoller-Rydzek and Keller, 2020; Huneeus et al, 2022). However, these firms will fail to repay their loans in the long run.…”