The distribution of ecological species groups in Fagetum communities of Caspian forests: Determination of effective environmental factors

Rad, Javad Eshaghi; Shafiei, Abbas Banj

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2010.04.015

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the mountains of Iran, it is found on west‐ and south‐west‐facing slopes between 1500 and 1800 m altitude in a range of beech forests including Carpino–Fagetum, Rusco–Fagetum, Fagetum Oriental and Alno–Fagetum (Espahbodi et al . ; Rad & Shafiei ). At its south‐eastern limit in Lebanon, S. torminalis is restricted to mixed deciduous forests on limestone at c .…”

Section: Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further east in northern Turkey in upland mixed woodlands, and in Bulgaria, S. torminalis is a defining species of the mesophilous alliance Carpino betuli-Acerion hirkani and associations in the order Querco cerridis-Carpinetalia orientalis in upland mixed woodlands (Velichkov, Zlatanov & Popov 2007;Korkmaz et al 2011). In the mountains of Iran, it is found on west-and south-west-facing slopes between 1500 and 1800 m altitude in a range of beech forests including Carpino-Fagetum, Rusco-Fagetum, Fagetum Oriental and Alno-Fagetum (Espahbodi et al 2007a;Rad & Shafiei 2010). At its south-eastern limit in Lebanon, S. torminalis is restricted to mixed deciduous forests on limestone at c. 1500 m, below the Cedrus libanii forest .…”

Section: Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Flora of the British Isles:Sorbus torminalis

Thomas

2017

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz (Wild Service-tree) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation. 2. Sorbus torminalis is an uncommon, mostly small tree (but can reach 33 m) native to lowland England and Wales, and temperate and Mediterranean regions of mainland Europe. It is the most shade-tolerant member of the genus in the British Isles, and as a result, it is more closely associated with woodland than any other British species. Like other British Sorbus species, however, it grows best where competition for space and sunlight is limited. Seedlings are shade tolerant but adults are only moderately so. This, combined with its low competitive ability, restricts the best growth to open areas. In shade, saplings and young adults form a sapling bank, showing reproduction and extensive growth only when released. Sorbus torminalis tolerates a wide range of soil reaction (pH 3Á5-8Á0) but grows best on calcareous clays and thin soils over limestone. 3. Sorbus torminalis is a sexual, diploid, non-apomictic species that has hybridised with a number of other Sorbus species to form microspecies. The hermaphrodite flowers are primarily insect pollinated. Seed production is reliable only in warm years, especially at the edge of its range, although even then seed viability is low. The fruits are primarily dispersed by carnivorous mammals. Seeds display embryo dormancy but most will germinate the first spring after falling. 4. This tree is very tolerant of short droughts but only moderately tolerant of frost, hence its southerly and lowland distribution. It faces no particular individual threats although the small size of most populations makes it susceptible to habitat loss and fragmentation, particularly through the loss of open coppiced areas. As a consequence, it appears to be declining throughout Britain and Europe despite its wide range of historical uses and the high value of its timber. The extent to which these losses will be offset by increases due to climate change is unknown.Key-words: climatic limitation, communities, conservation, ecophysiology, geographical and altitudinal distribution, germination, herbivory, mycorrhiza, parasites and diseases, reproductive biology, soils Wild Service-tree or Chequers/Chequer tree. Rosaceae. Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz (Crataegus torminalis L., Pyrus torminalis (L.) Ehrh., Aria torminalis (L.) Beck., Torminaria clusii Roem., Torminalis clusii (Roem.) Roberts & Phipps) is usually a subordinate, subcanopy tree or shrub of temperate deciduous forests, and more rarely a co-dominant canopy tree reaching 30-33 m. Suckers profusely. Crown narrow when shaded but round, ...

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Section: Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Sorbus torminalis

Thomas

2017

Journal of Ecology

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“…Intensive human settlement of the lower elevations as early as AD 1100 left large portions of the lowlands deforested after these areas were converted for agricultural, residential, and industrial uses (Ramezani et al, 2008). The Hyrcanian forest typically has Fagus orientalis Lipsky (Oriental beech), Carpinus betulus L. (Rad and Shafiei, 2010;Esmailzadeh et al, 2011;Marvie-Mohadjer, 2005). The climate in this region is sub-Mediterranean with mean annual temperature of 8.6 • C and total annual precipitation of 1,380 mm.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Stand characteristics and distribution of a relict population of Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica C.A. Meyer) in northern Iran

Sefidi

Mohadjer

Etemad

et al. 2011

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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“…In order to manage uneven-aged forest stands using the single selection method, it is of great importance to understand the factors that affect the dead wood pool dynamics and the distribution of CWD in topographically dissected area supporting specific forest stands, such as mountain beech forests in Western Asia (Burrascano et al 2013), especially when woody debris is to be managed for maintenance of biodiversity and/or certain stand structural characteristics (Keddy & Drummond 1996). In this stydy, we seek to quantify the effect of the topographic gradient on beech stand structure in the Caspian forest, although the relationship between woody vegetation and topographic gradients has been fairly well studied in beech stands of other northern Iranian regions (Eshaghi Rad & Banj Shafiei 2010, Alavi et al 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of topography on tree species composition and volume of coarse woody debris in an Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) old growth forests, northern Iran

Sefidi¹,

Darabad²,

Azaryan³

2016

iForest

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There is an emerging interest in the relationships between forest structure and topographic aspects. Still, such patterns have been scarcely studied in undisturbed mixed beech forests in northern Iran. We investigated the influence of topographical factors including aspect, slope degree, and landform index (LI) on the distribution of dominant tree species and coarse woody debris (CWD). Tree density and basal area were not significantly correlated with any of the measured parameters, except a moderate relation between basal area and LI (r = -0.376; P = 0.029). Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the tree layer revealed a significant relationship between the measured environmental variables and species distributions. CWD volume showed significant negative correlation with percent canopy coverage and was highly correlated with slope. Density of CWD in decay class IV was significantly correlated with aspect and percent of canopy cover. Analyses of CWD distributions in relation to both living vegetation and topographic gradients showed a highly complex interplay of factors driving the distribution of CWD across the forest stands.

show abstract

The distribution of ecological species groups in Fagetum communities of Caspian forests: Determination of effective environmental factors

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Sorbus torminalis

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Sorbus torminalis

Stand characteristics and distribution of a relict population of Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica C.A. Meyer) in northern Iran

Effect of topography on tree species composition and volume of coarse woody debris in an Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) old growth forests, northern Iran

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