The distribution of flavonoids in chloroplasts of twenty five species of vascular plants☆

Saunders, James A.; McClure, Jerry W.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)94452-2

Cited by 97 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In addition, flavonoids have been found associated with chloroplasts (Saunders & McClure, 1976) and their biosynthesis in these plastids seems to be possible (Zaprometov & Nikolaeva, 2003). Regarding this aspect, the quantities of flavonoids associated with chloroplasts in samples collected at different altitudes and different climatic conditions should be investigated.…”

Section: Total Content Of Flavonoids and Phenolicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content of phenolic compounds in wild populations ofEpilobium angustifoliumgrowing at different altitudes

Monschein

Jaindl

Buzimkić

et al. 2015

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Flavonoids are regarded as essential ingredients for the anti-inflammatory activity of Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae). The metabolic profiles of medicinal plants vary aside from genetic determination due to the influence by external factors. Objectives: This study evaluates the influence of altitudinal variation on the content of flavonoids in E. angustifolium in two consecutive growing periods. Materials and methods: Aerial and herbaceous plant materials were collected at three different altitudes (800, 1000, and 1500 m) during two collection periods. Plant samples (11-13 samples per altitude and year) were extracted with methanol using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Identification and quantification of the constituents were achieved by chromatographic means of HPLC-PDA and LC-PDA-MS analyses. Results: Rising concentrations of flavonol 3-O-glycosides could be detected with increasing altitude. The content of the major compound, quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, ranged from 4.4 ± 2.05 (800 m) to 4.9 ± 1.03 (1000 m) and up to 6.6 ± 1.14 mg/g (1500 m). The total amount of flavonol 3-O-glycosides in 73 analyzed samples ranged from 10.7 ± 1.37 up to 17.3 ± 1.99 mg/g. Discussion: Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide can be considered as a potential marker for the increased production of flavonols in herbal parts of E. angustifolium at higher altitudinal levels. Conclusion: The study confirms that environmental factors at higher altitude result in elevated levels of flavonols in aerial plant tissues of E. angustifolium. Specific factors for influencing the flavonoid content have to be clarified in further studies.

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Section: Total Content Of Flavonoids and Phenolicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content of phenolic compounds in wild populations ofEpilobium angustifoliumgrowing at different altitudes

Monschein

Jaindl

Buzimkić

et al. 2015

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…The results obtained in this study and Reference 17 suggest that if flavonols in chloroplasts are above 10 pM, flavonols can function as antioxidants in chloroplasts. Flavonols have been reported to be localized in chloroplasts (13,14,19). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their subcellular localization has been investigated in many plants, and the kaempferol and quercetin glycosides have been found to be localized in chloroplasts (13,14,19). Amtzen et al (2) have discussed a function of flavonols in chloroplasts in relation to energy transduction reactions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Redox Reactions between Kaempferol and Illuminated Chloroplasts

Takahama¹

1983

Plant Physiol.

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MATERIALS AND METHODSBleaching of kaempferol by iUluminated chloroplasts was observed at 380 nanometers. The photobleaching was stimulated by methyl viologen and suppressed by superoxide dismutase indicating the participation of 02-in the reaction. An electron transfer inhibitor on the oxidizing side of photosystem 11, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), stimulated the photobleaching and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dinethylurea partially suppressed it. The stimulation by CCCP suggests that kaempferol is also bleached on the oxidizing side of photosystem 11. The spectrum of kaempferol bleaching in the presence of methyl viologen was the same as that in the presence of CCCP having a maximum in absorbance decrease at around 380 nanometers. When kaempferol was oxidized by KMnO2 or K02, the oxidized minus reduced difference spectra had also a negative peak at about 380 nanometers. The results suggest that kaempferol was oxidized by illuminated chloroplasts.Tlhe rate of kaempferol photooxidation increased as its concentration was increased from 1 to 100 micromolar. The rate of quercetin photooxidation also increased as its concentration was increased from I to 100 micromolar. Concentration of quercetin glycosides higher than 10 micromolar was required to detect their photobleaching by illuminated chloroplasts. From these results, it is postulated that flavonols function as antioxidants in chloroplasts.

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“…Bagian akar dan daun dipotong selanjutnya ditimbang dengan menggunakan timbangan digital. Ekstraksi enzim peroksidase dilakukan menurut metode Saunders & McClure (1975). Akar dan daun tanaman yang masih muda dipotong-potong sampai halus dan ditimbang sebanyak 1 g (dilakukan secara terpisah) kemudian jaringan dihancurkan dengan mortar setelah ditambahkan segera 2,5 ml 0,5 M dapar kalium fosfat pH 7 dan 0,1 g Polyvinylpolypirolidone (PVP).…”

Section: Metode Penelitianunclassified

Aktivitas Enzim Peroksidase Pisang Kepok Dengan Aplikasi Glomus Tipe 1

Suswati¹,

Indrawaty²,

Friardi³

2016

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA

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Ripe banana peroxidase activities with Glomus type 1. Ripe banana is very susceptible to blood disease caused by Blood disease bacterium (BDB) and Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus tipe 1 increased resistance of ripe banana seedlings to both wilt diseases. The resistance mechanism related with the change of hydrolytic enzyme activities: peroxidase (PO), phenylalanin amonialyase (PAL) and polyphenoloksidase (PPO). The green house and laboratorium experiment were conducted to study the effect of different colonization time 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 h after application (haa) and control (without AMF) with 3 replicates. AMF fresh inoculants source is a mixture of sand planting medium that containing spores, hyphae and corn root colonized AMF. Ripe banana seedlings (60 days old) were inoculated with 50 g fresh AMF inoculants and incubated with the treatment. The results showed that the application of Glomus tipe 1 caused changes in the enzyme activity of peroxidase in the roots and leaves. Root peroxidase enzyme activity slightly increased 5.84% (0.326U) at the beginning of colonization (4 haa) while peroxidase enzyme activity in leaves sharply declined (85.83-87.37%).Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, blood disease bacterium, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, Glomus tipe 1, peroxidase enzyme activities, ripe banana ABSTRAKAktivitas enzim peroksidase pisang kepok dengan aplikasi Glomus tipe 1. Tanaman pisang kepok sangat rentan terhadap penyakit layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Blood Disease Bacterium (BDB) dan layu Fusarium oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc). Aplikasi Glomus tipe 1 mampu meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman pisang kepok terhadap kedua penyakit tersebut. Peningkatan ketahanan tanaman pisang tersebut berkaitan erat dengan perubahan aktivitas enzim hidrolitik seperti peroksidase (PO), phenylalanin amonialyase (PAL) dan polypeniloksidase (PPO). Tujuan penelitian adalah mengukur aktivitas enzim peroksidase dan kadar protein tanaman pisang kepok setelah aplikasi Glomus tipe 1. Sebanyak 50 g inokulan Glomus tipe 1 diaplikasi pada perakaran bibit pisang kepok umur 2 bulan setelah aklimatisasi. Kolonisasi mikoriza pada perakaran bibit pisang Kepok disesuaikan dengan perlakuan waktu kolonisasi yaitu 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 jam setelah aplikasi (jsa) dan kontrol (tanpa mikoriza). Parameter yang diamati adalah aktivitas enzim peroksidase dan kadar protein tanaman pisang kepok dengan metode Lowry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Glomus tipe 1 menyebabkan perubahan aktivitas enzim peroksidase dalam akar dan daun. Aktivitas enzim peroksidase akar sedikit meningkat 5,84% (0,326U) pada awal kolonisasi (4 jsa) sementara aktivitas enzim peroksidase dalam daun mengalami penurunan yang tajam (85,83-87,37%) .

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The distribution of flavonoids in chloroplasts of twenty five species of vascular plants☆

Cited by 97 publications

References 1 publication

Content of phenolic compounds in wild populations ofEpilobium angustifoliumgrowing at different altitudes

Content of phenolic compounds in wild populations ofEpilobium angustifoliumgrowing at different altitudes

Redox Reactions between Kaempferol and Illuminated Chloroplasts

Aktivitas Enzim Peroksidase Pisang Kepok Dengan Aplikasi Glomus Tipe 1

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