The distribution of harmful product marketing in public outdoor spaces and the effectiveness of marketing bans

Liu, Wei; Gage, Ryan; Park, Hyunseo; Pearson, Amber L.; Chambers, Tim; Smith, Moira; Barr, Michelle; Shortridge, Ashton; Signal, Louise

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102861

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of alcohol advertising within a 5-10 minute walk of a sample of Auckland schools. In line with previous Aotearoa New Zealand studies, 22,[30][31][32][33] these results indicate that a substantial number of children and young people are at risk of regular and repeated exposure to alcohol advertising in their built environments. These findings demonstrate that alcohol advertisement sites can be at multiple locations near schools, both near the school grounds and up to 500 metres from school grounds.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Of the schools sampled in this study, only one off-licence had no alcohol advertising on its exterior. This mirrors findings from other studies that show the association between off-licence density and children's exposure to alcohol advertising 31,32 and the significant role that shop frontage plays in the overall mix of alcohol advertising exposures to children. 30 Exposure to alcohol advertising at outlets serves to normalise alcohol use, with the effects of advertising working subliminally without cognitive processing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Alcohol advertising near schools in Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland

Jackson,

Sneyd,

Al-Jebouri

et al. 2023

NZMJ

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aim: There has long been concern about the exposure of children and young people to alcohol advertising, which places them at risk. This study aimed to measure the prevalence, type and location of alcohol advertisements within a 500-metre radius of schools in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand. methods: A cross-sectional observational study was used to quantify alcohol advertisements within a 500-metre radius of 52 Auckland schools selected using stratified random sampling.results: Over half of all schools sampled (56%) had at least one alcohol advertisement within 500 metres, and this was highest among low-decile schools (63%). Nearby licensed premises were responsible for 75% of advertisements. conclusion: Alcohol advertising near Auckland schools is common. Mechanisms available to Territorial Authorities, District Licensing Committees and the Government to restrict alcohol advertising in communities can be used to regulate areas around schools.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Alcohol advertising near schools in Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland

Jackson,

Sneyd,

Al-Jebouri

et al. 2023

NZMJ

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“…The unhealthy food exposure captured by wearable cameras mitigated the bias caused by spatial exposure estimation methods based on mobility and GIS data ( 25 ) . This study has several advantages compared with previous analyses of food marketing restrictions done by our team ( 18 , 22 ) . Specifically, we tested more banning scenarios to reflect the many feasible options available to policy makers and did so across four cities in a metropolitan region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The sample, while providing objective data, is relatively small. Some GPS coordinates were missing due to noise and loss of signal, which may have biased the findings towards children with more outdoor GPS data ( 22 ) . The impact of substitution effects (replacing one form of marketing with another) was not calculated in the policy analysis due to a lack of evidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We then identified the number of exposures that would be reduced under each scenario. For policies restricting unhealthy food marketing around schools, recreational facilities, bus stops and main roads (policies 7-10 in Table 1), exposure to unhealthy food marketing in outdoor public spaces was calculated using published methods (22) . The best spatial data available for generating these restricted zones were obtained from open online sources including Data.govt.nz (www.data.govt.nz), Land Information New Zealand data (data.linz.govt.nz), Ministry for the Environment Data Service (data.mfe.govt.nz) and the Greater Wellington Regional Council Open Data Portal (data-gwrc.opendata.arcgis.com).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of ten policy options to equitably reduce children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing

Gage,

Liu,

Pearson

et al. 2024

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Reducing children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing is crucial to combat childhood obesity. We aimed to estimate the reduction of children’s exposure to food marketing under different policy scenarios and assess exposure differences by socioeconomic status. Design: Data on children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing was compiled from a previous cross-sectional study in which children (n=168) wore wearable cameras and GPS units for four consecutive days. For each exposure, we identified the setting, the marketing medium and food/beverage product category. We analyzed the percentage reduction in food marketing exposure for ten policy scenarios and by socioeconomic deprivation: 1) no product packaging, 2) no merchandise marketing, 3) no sugary drink marketing, 4) no confectionary marketing in schools, 5) no sugary drink marketing in schools, 6) no marketing in public spaces, 7) no marketing within 400m of schools, 8) no marketing within 400m of recreation venues, 9) no marketing within 400m of bus stops, and 10) no marketing within 400m of major roads. Setting: Wellington region of New Zealand. Participants: 168 children aged 11-14 years. Results: Exposure to food marketing varied by setting, marketing medium and product category. Among the 10 policy scenarios, the largest reductions were for plain packaging (60.3%), no sugary drink marketing (28.8%) and no marketing in public spaces (22.2%). There were no differences by socioeconomic deprivation. Conclusions: The results suggest that plain packaging would result in the greatest decrease in children’s exposure to food marketing. However, given that children are regularly exposed to unhealthy food marketing in multiple settings through a range of marketing mediums, comprehensive bans are needed to protect children’s health.

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