The distribution of hepatic metabolites and the control of the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in animals of different dietary and hormonal status

Greenbaum, A. L.; Gumaa, K.A.; McLean, Patricia

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(71)90247-5

Cited by 303 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…NADH/NAD of the tissue by vanadium administration and also the availability of substrates for enzymes. It has been shown earlier that insulin administration to diabetic animals reverses the reduced redox state to control values (17). Similarly, the increased activity of mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase reverses to control levels with insulin and vanadate (44)(45)(46).…”

Section: Urea Cycle Enzymes and Transaminasesmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Regulation of metabolic pathways in liver and kidney during experimental diabetes: Effects of antidiabetic compounds

Baquer

Gupta

Raju

1998

Indian J Clin Biochem

102

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ABSTRACT:Diabetes has been classified as a disease of glucose overproduction by tissues, mainly liver and glucose underutilization by insulin requiring tissues like liver, adipose and muscle due to lack of insulin. There is, however, glucose over utilization in tissues not dependent on insulin for glucose transport like kidney, nerve and brain. There are serious complications due to this excess glucose in these tissues and their reversal is important for a good metabolic control and normalisation of other parameters. Insulin, trace metals and some plant extracts have been used to see the reversal effects of the complications of diabetes in liver and kidney in experimental diabetes. Almost complete reversal of the metabolic changes has been achieved in the activities of key enzymes of metabolic pathways in liver and kidney and an effective glucose control has been achieved suggesting a combination of therapies in the treatment of metabolic disturbance of the diabetic state.

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Section: Urea Cycle Enzymes and Transaminasesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The increased activity of PPP shows a positive correlation with the rate of kidney growth in diabetes (9). The key intermediate, glucose-6-phosphate is increased in the kidney and decreased in liver in experimental diabetes (7,17,18).…”

Section: Glycolysis and Other Related Pathways Affectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of metabolic pathways in liver and kidney during experimental diabetes: Effects of antidiabetic compounds

Baquer

Gupta

Raju

1998

Indian J Clin Biochem

102

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“…Rapid alterations of intrahepatic metabolic intermediates, cofactors, and regulatory enzymes are essential controlling events that permit the liver's transition from a glucose-producing organ during starvation to an organ capable of net carbohydrate uptake during alimentation (15,33,34,38). This change is essential for the control of blood glucose levels, and for the replenishment of hepatic glycogen stores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic and Cerebral Energy Metabolism after Neonatal Canine Alimentation

1983

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Summaryduration than older rats (13,14). In other investigations amongIntrahepatic and intracerebral metabolic responses to neonatal fasting or enteric carbohydrate alimentation were investigated among newborn dogs. Pups were either fasted or given an intravenous glucose infusion (alimented) before an enteric feeding of physiologic quantities of either glucose or galactose. These pups were also compared to another group which was completely starved throughout the study period. Gastrointestinal carbohydrate feeding resulted in enhanced hepatic glycogen content among pups after a prior state of fasting. Though there were no differences of glycogen content between glucose or galactose feeding in this previously fasted group, combined intravenous glucose and enteric galactose administration produced the greatest effect on hepatic glycogen synthesis. Intrahepatic fructose 1, 6-diphosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate levels were increased among previously fasted pups fed enteric monosaccharides compared to completely starved control pups, whereas intrahepatic phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate levels were elevated after combined intravenous and enteric carbohydrate administration. Of greater interest was the observation that hepatic levels of ATP were significantly elevated among all groups given exogenous carbohydrates compared to the completely starved control group. In contrast to the augmented hepatic glycogen and ATP levels, there were no alterations of cerebral glycogen or ATP after alirnentation. Nevertheless, cerebral pyruvate and/or phosphoenolpyruvate concentrations were elevated after enteric or combined intravenous and enteric alimentation compared to the totally starved control pups. newborn piglets, starvation was associated with a decreased b a d metabolism rate as evident by diminished rates of oxygen consumption (9).Past experience among human newborn infants has demonstrated that early alimentation prevents fasting hypoglycemia and improves neonatal survival (1, 6, 43). Additionally, alimentation of newborn rats results in stable blood glucose concentrations and glucose production rates and also augments circulating alternate fuels levels (1 1, 12).Rapid alterations of intrahepatic metabolic intermediates, cofactors, and regulatory enzymes are essential controlling events that permit the liver's transition from a glucose-producing organ during starvation to an organ capable of net carbohydrate uptake during alimentation (15,33,34,38). This change is essential for the control of blood glucose levels, and for the replenishment of hepatic glycogen stores. During carbohydrate alimentation pyruvate becomes the predominant source of acetyl-CoA for the tricarboxylic acid cycle and may result in enhanced ATP production. The transition from fasting hepatic intermediary metabolism to that of an alimented state has been well documented among adult mammals. As there are little in vivo data describing the regulation of intrahepatic metabolism among fasted neonates, or the response of the neonatal liver to subsequent al...

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“…I n the present instance, use of this latter system is precluded, however, since the activity of the enzyme is virtually negligible in bovine liver [10,24]. The fact also remains that the hydroxybutyrate and glutamate dehydrogenase systems yield parallel values for the mitochondrial [NAD+]/[NADH] ratio in a variety of circumstances in rat liver [16,23].…”

Section: Redosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Glucocorticoid on the Concentrations of CoA and Carnitine Esters and on Redox State in Bovine Liver

Baird

Heitzman

Snoswell

1972

European Journal of Biochemistry

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1. I n this study, tjhe hepatic concentrations of free and acetylated CoA and carnitine, and also hepatic redox state, have been determined in normal lactating cows and in lactating cows t o which voren (dexamethasone 21-pyridine-4-carboxylate) was administered 48 h previously. 3. Using the lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase systems, respectively, values were obtained for the cytosolic and mitochondrial [NAD+]rree/[NADH]rree ratios in normal bovine liver that were similar to the corresponding values previously obtained for rat liver. Following voren administration there was a fall in the cytosolic value for this ratio and a rise in the mitochondrial value, so that the equilibrium between the cytosolic and mitochondrial redox states appeared to be disrupted.4. Following vorexi administration there was an increase in the degree of reduction of total NAD.5. The results are discussed in relation to the antiketogenic action of voren in the cow.

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The distribution of hepatic metabolites and the control of the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in animals of different dietary and hormonal status

Cited by 303 publications

References 65 publications

Regulation of metabolic pathways in liver and kidney during experimental diabetes: Effects of antidiabetic compounds

Regulation of metabolic pathways in liver and kidney during experimental diabetes: Effects of antidiabetic compounds

Hepatic and Cerebral Energy Metabolism after Neonatal Canine Alimentation

Effects of a Glucocorticoid on the Concentrations of CoA and Carnitine Esters and on Redox State in Bovine Liver

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