The Distribution of Intrarenal Blood Flow in Normal and Hypertensive Man

Lowenstein, Jerome; Steinmetz, Philip R.; Effros, Richard M.; Demeester, Michel; Chasis, Herbert; Baldwin, David S.; Gómez, Domingo

doi:10.1161/01.cir.35.2.250

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…This is in good agreement with the renal blood volume reported by this laboratory in an earlier study (36.7±10.9 ml) (13,14), using a somewhat different system of collection and calculation. Other investigators (15,16) is not yet clear whether this additional volume is within the vessels or outside of them.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…It was therefore necessary to estimate average renal blood flow during intervals approximating the duration of each indicator dilution curve. Accordingly, it was assumed that the fractional recoveries of indocyanine green and tritiated water in the renal venous blood are complete and that the fractional recovery of inulin-carboxyl- 14 C is complete in the renal venous blood and urine. This assumption represents a departure from the calculation previously used, in which it was assumed that flow is constant and fractional recovery is variable (1).…”

Section: (3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular and Extravascular Volumes of the Kidney of Man

Effros

Lowenstein

Baldwin

et al. 1967

Circulation Research

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Indicator dilution techniques were used to determine the vascular and extravascular volumes of the normal human kidney. Renal volumes were corrected to 1.73 m 2 and refer to one kidney. The renal blood volume (V I0 ) averaged 34.8 ±3.1 ml; the water contained in the distribution volume of labeled inulin (Vi X ") averaged 48.8 ± 9.0 ml, and that of tritiated water ) were derived and averaged 27.4 ± 6.2 ml and 93.7 ± 14.3 ml, respectively.Correction for recirculation by exponential extrapolation was studied and appears satisfactory. Evidence is presented for the existence of significant fluctuations in renal blood flow during the indicator collection intervals, and it is suggested that renal volumes be based on flows determined from the recoveries of each indicator. ADDITIONAL KEY WORDSindicator dilution studies inulin renal extracellular volume renal blood volume creatinine renal water volume renal blood flow indocyanine green tritiated water• The in vivo measurement of the vascular and extravascular volumes of individual organs has been made possible in recent years by indicator dilution techniques. These measurements are based on the product of blood flows and mean transit times of indicators that gain access to one or more of the aqueous compartments of the organ. With this ap-

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: (3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular and Extravascular Volumes of the Kidney of Man

Effros

Lowenstein

Baldwin

et al. 1967

Circulation Research

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“…Previous studies have reported normal to enhanced renal blood and/or plasma flow in the prehypertensive stage and in borderline hypertension, 2,4,19 -22 whereas in sustained hypertension, the consistently observed pattern of renal hemodynamics is characterized by a decreased renal blood and/or plasma flow and a normal to slightly decreased GFR, resulting in an elevated renal filtration fraction. [23][24][25] Renal hemodynamic changes have been supposed to play an important role in the development of hypertension. Evidence for this hypothesis comes from the observation of an abnormal control of renal circulation in subjects with a positive family history of hypertension in response to mental stress, and Bianchi et al 4 found that normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents were characterized by high renal blood flow (RBF) despite normal cardiac output, suggesting a specific renal vasodilation in the prehypertensive stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

G-Protein β ₃ Subunit Gene (GNB3) 825T Allele Is Associated With Enhanced Renal Perfusion in Early Hypertension

et al. 2001

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Abstract-The C825T polymorphism of the gene encoding the G-protein ␤ 3 subunit (GNB3) is associated with increased intracellular signal transduction and arterial hypertension. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of this polymorphism on early adaptive processes of the left ventricle and renal hemodynamic changes in young normotensive to mildly hypertensive subjects. Ninety-five white male students with normal or mildly elevated blood pressure were genotyped for the GNB3 C825T polymorphism. In each participant, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, left ventricular structure and function (2D-guided M-mode echocardiography), renal plasma flow (para-aminohippurate clearance), glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance), and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion were determined. The GNB3 825T allele was not associated with casual or ambulatory blood pressure, parameters of left ventricular structure or function, glomerular filtration, or 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. However, in T-allele carriers (CTϩTT), renal plasma flow was higher than in CC subjects (CT/TT: 659Ϯ96 versus CC: 614Ϯ91 mL/min, Pϭ0.019). ANOVA disclosed that renal plasma flow was independently influenced by both genotype and blood pressure, with hypertensives having a higher renal plasma flow than normotensive subjects. This was the fact irrespective of the criteria used for the definition of hypertension (World Health Organization or 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure criteria). The GNB3 825T variant is associated with increased renal perfusion in this study. Because early renal hemodynamic changes play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, our data suggest a relevance of increased G-protein activation in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Key Words: G proteins Ⅲ polymorphism Ⅲ genes Ⅲ hypertension, essential Ⅲ hemodynamics T he early course of essential hypertension is characterized by structural and functional changes in the systemic and renal circulation. In addition, early structural changes of the left ventricle (LV) have been reported. Increased concentric remodeling of the LV and impaired diastolic function have been recognized to reflect early changes of the myocardium in early essential hypertension. 1 Renal hemodynamics were shown to be abnormally regulated in a prehypertensive stage, and increased renal perfusion was reported in early hypertension. [2][3][4] It has been proposed that renal vascular changes may not simply be a complication but the cause for blood pressure elevation and thus may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. 5 In the search for mechanisms by which genetic markers contribute to the development of hypertension, recent interest focused on a novel gene polymorphism closely associated with a wellestablished intermediate phenotype, that is, the enhanced Na ϩ /H ϩ exchanger activity in hypertensive subjects. 6 Immortalized lymphoblasts of these patients have been found to respond with enhanced G-protein activation on stimulation. 7 Subsequently, a single nucleo...

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“…3 -I0 -" Renal blood flow (RBF) and RPF are reported to vary from decreased flow 3 -9 -"• l2 to normal flow 7 10 -"• l3 and even to increased flow, ' 4 -' 3 according to the definition of the severity of the essential hypertension. There is disagreement regarding a possible correlation between the severity of hypertension as shown by the level of arterial blood pressure and RBF.…”

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confidence: 99%

Renal and systemic hemodynamics in sustained essential hypertension.

London¹,

Me²,

Sassard³

et al. 1984

Hypertension

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SUMMARY Cardiac output (CO), renal blood flow (RBF), calf blood flow (CBF), and hepatic blood flow (HBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and dopamine beta hydroxylase (D/3H) activity were studied in 198 men (67 normotensive controls and 131 hypertensive patients) of the same age with sustained uncomplicated essential hypertension. In the hypertensive men, the RBF and the RBF/CO ratio were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). The RBF and RBF/CO ratio were negatively correlated with age (p < 0.01), blood pressure (p < 0.01), and D/8H activity (p < 0.01). None of these relationships were observed with CBF and HBF. The observed decreases in RBF and the RBF/CO ratio in hypertensive men were reversed after administration of clonidine and alpha-methyldopa (p < 0.01), but not after administration of propranolol. The study provides evidence that the reduction of renal perfusion in essential hypertension is partly reversible and related to an abnormality in the adrenergic system control. (Hypertension 6: 743-754, 1984) KEY WORDS • renal perfusion • dopamine beta-hydroxylase • renal blood flow • renal plasma flow • glomerular filtration rate • cardiac output • adrenergic system

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The Distribution of Intrarenal Blood Flow in Normal and Hypertensive Man

Cited by 37 publications

References 11 publications

Vascular and Extravascular Volumes of the Kidney of Man

Vascular and Extravascular Volumes of the Kidney of Man

G-Protein β ₃ Subunit Gene (GNB3) 825T Allele Is Associated With Enhanced Renal Perfusion in Early Hypertension

Renal and systemic hemodynamics in sustained essential hypertension.

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The Distribution of Intrarenal Blood Flow in Normal and Hypertensive Man

Cited by 37 publications

References 11 publications

Vascular and Extravascular Volumes of the Kidney of Man

Vascular and Extravascular Volumes of the Kidney of Man

G-Protein β 3 Subunit Gene (GNB3) 825T Allele Is Associated With Enhanced Renal Perfusion in Early Hypertension

Renal and systemic hemodynamics in sustained essential hypertension.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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G-Protein β ₃ Subunit Gene (GNB3) 825T Allele Is Associated With Enhanced Renal Perfusion in Early Hypertension