The Distribution of Iron in Nature

Bernát, Iván

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7308-1_1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Iron is the fourth most abundant element on Earth, and in the form of various combined ores, it constitutes about 5% of the Earth's crust. The most important ironcontaining minerals are oxides or hydroxides and sulfides (Bernát 1983). The presence of iron in groundwater is a direct result of its natural existence in rock formations as well as soils and precipitation water that infiltrates through these formations and dissolves iron, which is accumulated in aquifers.…”

Section: Analysis Of Inorganic Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural durability of subfossil oak: wood chemical composition changes through the ages

et al. 2019

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In recent years, subfossil oak has become increasingly popular, particularly in the manufacture of small wooden products. Due to the long period of its underground preservation, detailed knowledge of its properties is essential to properly use this material. In this study, subfossil oak samples dated to approximately 1000, 2000 and 3000 years BP and recent oak samples were chemically analyzed to determine the contents of extractives, the main wood components, and inorganic elements. The results were then evaluated in light of their natural durability. The mass loss of subfossil oak was 2–3 times lower than that of the recent sample, but the age of the subfossil oak itself had no influence on its durability. The long-term leaching process of water-soluble ellagitannins, together with their hydrolysis and bonding in ferric tannate complexes, were responsible for the decreased durability. The oldest subfossil oak had the lowest amount of phenolic compounds and the highest content of inorganic elements. Optical emission spectrometry proved an increase in inorganic elements 5–7 times higher than recent oak content, with the highest increase found for calcium and iron. Compared to recent oaks, subfossil oaks manifested decreased content of carbohydrates and correspondingly increased lignin content. Our results revealed that subfossil oak cannot be considered a suitable material for exterior use under aerobic conditions.

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Section: Analysis Of Inorganic Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural durability of subfossil oak: wood chemical composition changes through the ages

et al. 2019

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“…Fe is the fourth abundant element and approximately 5% of the earth's crust (Bernát 1983;Kerkeb & Connolly 2006). Generally, in the soil, Fe is found in the form of Fe3+, which has a low solubility (Conte & Walker 2011;Nogiya et al 2016;Zhang et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Iron Toxicity on the Growth of <i>Calliandra calothyrsus</i> and <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> Seedlings

Salim

Setyaningsih

Wahyudi

et al. 2021

J.Tropical Biodiversity Biotechnology

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Iron (Fe) is a micro essential needed by plants in small amounts and can be toxic when available in large quantities. This study aimed to evaluate how Fe exposure affects the growth of C. callothyrsus and L. leucocephala seedlings. This study used a completely randomized design with factorial, where the first factor consisted of two levels of seedlings (C. calothyrsus and L. leucocephala), and the second factor consisted of Fe concentration which consisted of 8 levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75 mM). The results showed that treatment of seedlings species and concentration of Fe was able to significantly affect the growth parameters (height, root length, root dry weight, shoots, and plant dry weight) of seedlings. The control treatment (without Fe) showed the highest growth response compared to those treated with Fe exposure and an increase in Fe concentration was able to reduce all growth parameters in both seedlings. The 0.5 mM Fe concentration reduced all growth parameters of C. calothyrsus drastically, while in L. leucocephala, the Fe 0.75 concentration was able to decrease all growth parameters drastically. The tolerance index of both seedlings decreased with increasing Fe concentration. The rate of photosynthesis did not show a significant difference between treatments, meanwhile, it had a significant effect on chlorophyll affect chlorophyll (a, b, and total chlorophyll) and carotenoid content. The highest Fe content in C. calothyrsus seedlings was at a concentration of 1.5 mM (4.40%), while in L. leucocephala seedlings, the highest Fe content was at 1.7 mM (2.87%).

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Effects of foliar iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) application on photosynthetic parameters, distribution of mineral elements, magnetic behaviour, and photosynthetic genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) plants

Tombuloglu,

Slimani

et al. 2024

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

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The Distribution of Iron in Nature

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Natural durability of subfossil oak: wood chemical composition changes through the ages

Natural durability of subfossil oak: wood chemical composition changes through the ages

Effect of Iron Toxicity on the Growth of <i>Calliandra calothyrsus</i> and <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> Seedlings

Effects of foliar iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) application on photosynthetic parameters, distribution of mineral elements, magnetic behaviour, and photosynthetic genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) plants

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