The distribution of lice (Phthiraptera) on poultry (Gallus domesticus)

Trivedi, M. C.; Rawat, B. S.; Saxena, Ashok

doi:10.1016/0020-7519(91)90016-z

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The same species have also been reported by Trivedi et al (1991). The results of age-wise prevalence of lice infestation of the current study are not different from the previously reported data (Bilqees and Khan, 1985;Saxena et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Determinants influencing prevalence of louse infestations on layers of District Faisalabad (Pakistan)

Nadeem¹,

Khan²,

Iqbal³

et al. 2007

British Poultry Science

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1. This paper describes the influence of some epidemiological determinants on the prevalence of louse infestation on layers in Faisalabad (Pakistan). 2. Seventy layer farms were screened to determine the prevalence of louse infestation and its determinants including age of the bird, availability of space per bird and frequency of litter change. Prevalence of Lipeurus caponis was highest (53.2%), followed by Menacanthus stramineus (22.16%), Goniodes dissimilis (12.37%) and Goniodes gallinae (12.37%). 3. Older birds (36 to 74 weeks of age) were found with a significantly higher prevalence of louse infestation than younger birds. 4. Month-wise prevalence of louse infestation was higher during the summer months (from April to August) and at older age. 5. Birds kept at floor area allowances ranging from 0.43 to 0.55 m(2) were highly infested with lice as compared to those provided with a space of 0.61 m(2) or higher per bird. 6. Litter change frequency after every 8 weeks resulted in a reduced chance of louse infestation as compared to less frequent litter changing practice. 7. It was concluded from the study that the louse infestation is a menace for the poultry production industry in Pakistan and age, space per bird and litter change frequency are the influencing determinants. 8. Further research on the chemotherapeutic trials and resistance in poultry should be continued for an effective lice control program.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Determinants influencing prevalence of louse infestations on layers of District Faisalabad (Pakistan)

Nadeem¹,

Khan²,

Iqbal³

et al. 2007

British Poultry Science

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“…Maximum number of lice collected on any bird remained 60 for A. crassicorniss, 36 for A. dentatus and 75 for H. leucoxanthum. Further survey of literature indicates that in case of avian lice nymphal population generally outnumbers the adults in natural population (Eveleigh and Threlfall 1976;Chandra et al 1990;Trivedi et al 1991 ;Kristofik et al 1996;Saxena et al 1996;Singh et al 1998). Avian lice exhibit seasonal variations in population and the proportion of juveniles is bound to vary with time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In case of avian lice, females usually outnumber the males in natural population (Eveleigh and Threlfall 1976;Chandra et al 1990;Trivedi and Saxena 1991;Kristofik et al 1996;Singh et al 1998). However, in case of mammalian lice, the ratio is more skewed and in certain species, males are rare in natural population (Marshall 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population levels of Phthiraptera on domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) (Anseriformes: Anatidae)

Ahmad

Gupta

Saxena³

et al. 2013

J Parasit Dis

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Three phthirapteran species (two Ischnocera and one Amblycera) were recovered from hundred ducks in district Bareilly and Rampur during 2011-2012. Prevalence of Anaticola crassicornis was comparatively higher (31 %) than that of Anatoecus dentatus (16 %) and Holomenpon leucoxanthum (28 %). However, the intensity of infestation of H. leucoxanthum (22.89) remained higher than the other two species. Distribution pattern of all lice were skewed but negative binomial model was not found to be a good fit. Sex ratios of all three species were skewed in favour of females (A. crassicornis-1:1.23, H. leucoxanthum-1:1.19, A. dentatus-1:1.72) and nymphal population exceeded the adult population (A. crassicornis-1:1.26, H. leucoxanthum-1:1.12, A. dentatus-1:1.61).

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“…Biting lice (Mallophaga) are found on mammals as well as on birds, mostly invisibly hidden in the hair or in the plumage (Zlotorzycka et al 1974;Argawal and Saxena 1979;Marshall 1981;Martini 1946;Nelson and Murray 1971;Trivedi et al 1991;Soulsby 1986;Mehlhorn et al 1993;Eckert et al 2008;Rommel 2000;Al-Quraishy et al 2011). With their biting mouthparts (mandibles), all developmental stages of the mallophages (three nymphs and the female and male adults) feed on the skin, eat epidermal debris, nibble on hair or feathers, and in some cases, they may also pierce or scratch the skin so that small droplets of blood are exudated from the skin being finally licked by the mallophages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of a neem seed extract (MiteStop®) on mallophages (featherlings) of chicken: in vivo and in vitro studies

et al. 2011

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Mallophages of birds (featherlings) are mostly very tiny and can even as adults better be recognized by their movements than by their elongate body shape when using just the naked eye. Since some species (e.g., the "shaft louse" Menopon gallinae, the elongate feather louse Lipeurus caponis, or Columbicola sp.) may pierce the pulp of feathers or the skin by their biting or scratching mandibles and thus lick the excreted blood, they may be extremely dangerous especially to young birds, even if they only feed by nibbling along the feather surface and/or eat epidermal debris. The present paper reports on the successful treatment of different races of fowls being severely infested with both above cited species. This in vivo treatment was done either by a short dipping of the whole fowl into the 1:33 dilution (with tap water) of a neem seed extract (MiteStop®) or by spraying them with the freshly diluted product. It was seen that the dead mallophages dropped down from the feathers as soon as they were dry again. As a precaution, a second treatment was done by some owners 1 week after the first one in order to eliminate all stages, which eventually might have hatched from untouched nits during the time interval between the two treatments. When controlling the treated fowls 4 weeks after the treatment, in no case (treated once or twice), living motile stages were diagnosed indicating the high efficacy of this nontoxic neem seed extract. When treating in vitro cutoff feathers contaminated with L. caponis, it was seen under the stereomicroscope, that the mallophages tried to run away from the 1:33 water-diluted active compound indicating that there is also a repellent effect. Treated L. caponis stopped leg movements within 3 min and died on their feathers within 1-20 min. Then, the last slight trembling movements of their legs and convulsions of their intestine stopped finally.

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The distribution of lice (Phthiraptera) on poultry (Gallus domesticus)

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Determinants influencing prevalence of louse infestations on layers of District Faisalabad (Pakistan)

Determinants influencing prevalence of louse infestations on layers of District Faisalabad (Pakistan)

Population levels of Phthiraptera on domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) (Anseriformes: Anatidae)

Effects of a neem seed extract (MiteStop®) on mallophages (featherlings) of chicken: in vivo and in vitro studies

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