The distribution of methylated sulfur compounds, DMS and DMSP, in Canadian subarctic and Arctic marine waters during summer 2015

Jarníková, Tereza; Dacey, John W. H.; Lizotte, Martine; Levasseur, Maurice; Tortell, Philippe D.

doi:10.5194/bg-15-2449-2018

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…The range of seawater DMS concentrations measured in the CAA during the NETCARE expeditions in 2014 ( Fig. 3) and 2016 is comparable to those observed in the same area and season in 2015 by Jarníková et al (2018), who found the highest DMS concentrations in association with localized peaks of chlorophyll a, a proxy of phytoplankton biomass. Combining oceanic and atmospheric NETCARE datasets provided further evidence that marine DMS hotspots were associated with high atmospheric DMS 5 (Mungall et al, 2016).…”

Section: Dms Production In Oceanic and Ice-associated Environmentssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Despite these compelling indications of the key role played by marine biogenic DMS in contributing to sulfate aerosols 15 (Rempillo et al, 2011), measurements of seawater and sea-ice DMS during the biologically productive summer months (June to August) that coincide with clean aerosol time periods are still scarce (Jarníková et al, 2018;Levasseur, 2013). The paucity of DMS measurements in ice-associated habitats, such as under the sea ice, in melt ponds atop the ice, or directly at the Arctic sea ice margin, is even greater (Levasseur, 2013).…”

Section: Rationale and Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Abbatt

Leaitch

Aliabadi

et al. 2018

Preprint

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013 . (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water and the overlying atmosphere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source. (2) Evidence was found of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer in the CAA in the summertime. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from sea bird colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic material (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene and monoterpenes) were low, whereas elevated mixing ratios of oxygenated volatile organic compounds were inferred to arise via processes involving the sea surface microlayer. (3) The variability in the vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) under both springtime Arctic haze and more pristine summertime aerosol conditions was observed. Measured particle size distributions and mixing states were used to constrain, for the first time, calculations of aerosol&#8211;climate interactions under Arctic conditions. Aircraft- and ground-based measurements were used to better establish the BC source regions that supply the Arctic via long-range transport mechanisms. (4) Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic indicate that a major source of these particles is mineral dust, likely derived from local sources in the summer and long-range transport in the spring. In addition, INPs are abundant in the sea surface microlayer in the Arctic, and possibly play a role in ice nucleation in the atmosphere when mineral dust concentrations are low. (5) Amongst multiple aerosol components, BC was observed to have the smallest effective deposition velocities to high Arctic snow.</p>

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Section: Dms Production In Oceanic and Ice-associated Environmentssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Rationale and Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Abbatt

Leaitch

Aliabadi

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…DMSP concentrations in diatom cells are typically 1-50 mM, while DMSP concentrations in dinoflagellate and coccolithophore cells are typically 100-300 mM (Matrai and Keller, 1994;Ho et al, 2003). Concentrations of dissolved DMSP are typically 0.5-3 nM in the open ocean, but dissolved DMSP is occasionally measured at high concentrations (>100 nM) (Kiene and Slezak, 2006;Jarníková et al, 2018). In addition, particulate DMSP concentrations are consistently higher than dissolved DMSP concentrations in field samples (Archer et al, 2001;Kiene and Slezak, 2006).…”

Section: Methyl-sulfur Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Diversity and Biochemical Transformation of Biogenic Organic Sulfur in the Ocean

Tang

2020

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Organic sulfur compounds are not only essential for organismal survival but also indispensable for the sulfur cycle. Over the past few decades, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) cycling in the upper ocean have been well characterized from the genetic to the ecosystem level. Recent advances in the study of marine sulfonate transformation have indicated that phytoplankton and microbes play key roles in oceanic sulfur and carbon fluxes. This review provides biochemical details of the major sulfur metabolites, and presents an interlinked reaction network with genetic information on the microbial transformation and mineralization of sulfur compounds. This review also discusses future prospects for the discovery and characterization of novel substrates and enzymes involved in organosulfur cycling, as well as for investigations of deep sea and sedimentary organic sulfur.

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“…Oceanic emissions of DMS are a large contributor to sulfur globally (Gondwe et al, ; Lana et al, ) and in Arctic regions (e.g., Becagli et al, ; Jarníková et al, ; Levasseur, ; Mungall et al, ; Park et al, , ). DMS results from bacterial breakdown of dimethylsulfoniopropionate, which is produced by marine phytoplankton and microalgae (e.g., Carpenter et al, ).…”

Section: Regional Arctic Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processes Controlling the Composition and Abundance of Arctic Aerosol

Willis

Leaitch

Abbatt

2018

Reviews of Geophysics

148

154

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The Arctic region is a harbinger of global change and is warming at a rate higher than the global average. While Arctic warming is driven by increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gases' in combination with local feedback mechanisms, short‐lived climate forcing agents, such as tropospheric aerosol, are also important drivers of Arctic climate. Arctic aerosol‐climate impacts vary seasonally as a result of the interplay between aerosol and different cloud types, available solar radiation, sea ice, surface albedo, Arctic and lower latitude removal processes, and atmospheric transport patterns. Photochemistry and efficient wet aerosol removal have low impact in winter but become important in spring to summer, dramatically altering aerosol chemical composition, and driving the size distribution from a pronounced accumulation mode toward a dominance of smaller particles. Retreating sea ice, increasing solar insolation and warmer temperatures in summer result in enhanced emissions from Arctic marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and anthropogenic sources, with impacts on the composition of gas and particle phases. Fractional cloud cover reaches a maximum in Arctic summer, in parallel with decreasing sea ice extent and surface albedo. This seasonal variation corresponds to significant changes in the net cloud radiative effect; changes that are affected by aerosol. This review summarizes our current knowledge of processes that control Arctic aerosol properties. We highlight both natural and anthropogenic processes that will be impacted by current and future sea ice loss. Efforts are needed to better constrain aerosol removal rates, characterize aerosol precursors, and constrain the seasonality and magnitude of aerosol‐cloud‐climate impacts.

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The distribution of methylated sulfur compounds, DMS and DMSP, in Canadian subarctic and Arctic marine waters during summer 2015

Cited by 28 publications

References 55 publications

New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Chemical Diversity and Biochemical Transformation of Biogenic Organic Sulfur in the Ocean

Processes Controlling the Composition and Abundance of Arctic Aerosol

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