The distribution of taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and inorganic ions between plasma and erythrocytes in flounder (Platichthys flesus) at different plasma osmolalities

Fugelli, K.; Zachariassen, Karl Erik

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(76)90088-8

Cited by 73 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Taurine levels did not change in various chum salmon tissues (Sakaguchi et al, 1988) or eel muscle (Huggins and Colley, 1971) and appear to decrease in guppy muscle (Daikoku and Sakaguchi, 1983) during seawater acclimation. This is in contrast to other studies that show increased tissue taurine levels in flounder heart (Vislie and Fugelli, 1975;Fugelli and Zachariassen, 1976) and in rainbow trout intestinal mucosa (Auerswald et al, 1997) following seawater exposure. Taurine was by far the predominant amino acid found in gill, red muscle and RBCs.…”

Section: Amino Acid Metabolismcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Intermediary metabolism of Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus during short-term salinity exposure

Bystriansky

Frick

Ballantyne

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The migration of Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus from freshwater to seawater requires a substantial reorganization of the osmoregulatory tissues to regulate plasma ion levels. These modifications have an inherent metabolic cost, which must be met through the upregulation of intermediary metabolism. Arctic char intermediary metabolism was monitored during the initial 96 h of seawater acclimation through measurement of key enzymes in gill, liver, red and white muscle as well as tissue and blood free amino acid (FAA) levels, and plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acid content. In general, seawater exposure stimulated large changes in amino acid metabolism, but no change in lipid or carbohydrate metabolism. White muscle FAA content increased significantly following seawater exposure, with levels of essential FAAs doubling after 96 h. Similar increases were seen in the plasma, suggesting a rapid mobilization of FAAs to the circulation. These changes were accompanied by significant increases in the activities of enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism in the gill, liver, red and white muscle, suggesting seawater-acclimated fish have an enhanced capacity for energy production from amino acids. Increased energy requirements were evident in the gill of seawater-acclimated char, as citrate synthase activity increased significantly. The results of this study suggest a rapid upregulation of amino acid metabolism may be critical for the successful acclimation of Arctic char to seawater.

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Section: Amino Acid Metabolismcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Intermediary metabolism of Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus during short-term salinity exposure

Bystriansky

Frick

Ballantyne

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The role of taurine in cell volume regulation was first acknowledged in invertebrates (278) and later also in vertebrates including mammals (252,361). Taurine release from, e.g., NIH3T3 cells is not only increased by osmotic swelling, but also decreased by osmotic shrinkage, favoring preservation of cellular osmolyte content and thereby cell volume after cell shrinkage (800).…”

Section: Organic Osmolyte Efflux Pathways: Taurine Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of Cell Volume Regulation in Vertebrates

Hoffmann

Lambert²,

Pedersen³

2009

Physiological Reviews

1,307

1,677

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The ability to control cell volume is pivotal for cell function. Cell volume perturbation elicits a wide array of signaling events, leading to protective (e.g., cytoskeletal rearrangement) and adaptive (e.g., altered expression of osmolyte transporters and heat shock proteins) measures and, in most cases, activation of volume regulatory osmolyte transport. After acute swelling, cell volume is regulated by the process of regulatory volume decrease (RVD), which involves the activation of KCl cotransport and of channels mediating K+, Cl−, and taurine efflux. Conversely, after acute shrinkage, cell volume is regulated by the process of regulatory volume increase (RVI), which is mediated primarily by Na+/H+exchange, Na+-K+-2Cl−cotransport, and Na+channels. Here, we review in detail the current knowledge regarding the molecular identity of these transport pathways and their regulation by, e.g., membrane deformation, ionic strength, Ca2+, protein kinases and phosphatases, cytoskeletal elements, GTP binding proteins, lipid mediators, and reactive oxygen species, upon changes in cell volume. We also discuss the nature of the upstream elements in volume sensing in vertebrate organisms. Importantly, cell volume impacts on a wide array of physiological processes, including transepithelial transport; cell migration, proliferation, and death; and changes in cell volume function as specific signals regulating these processes. A discussion of this issue concludes the review.

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“…Taurine plays a particularly important role as an intracellular osmolyte, and the level of this amino acid has been shown to rise with environmental salinity in flounder erythrocytes (Fugelli and Zachariassen, 1976) and heart (Vislie and Fugelli, 1975), and in rainbow trout intestinal mucosa (Auerswald et al, 1997). However, glutamine has never been reported to act as an important osmolyte in these fishes, although Fiess and colleagues (Fiess et al, 2007) reported recently a possible increase in the muscle glutamine (and alanine) content of O. mossambica exposed to seawater.…”

Section: Glutamine As the Major Organic Osmolytementioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamine accumulation and up-regulation of glutamine synthetase activity in the swamp eel,Monopterus albus(Zuiew), exposed to brackish water

Tok

Chew

Peh

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe swamp eel, Monopterus albus, is an air-breathing teleost which typically lives in freshwater but can also be found in estuaries, where it has to deal with ambient salinity fluctuations. Unlike other teleosts, its gills are highly degenerate. Hence, it may have uncommon osmoregulatory adaptations, but no information is available on its osmoregulatory capacity and mechanisms at present. In this study M. albus was exposed to a 5 day progressive increase in salinity from freshwater (1‰) to brackish water ( . Consequently, fish exposed to 25‰ water had to undergo cell volume regulation through accumulation of organic osmolytes and inorganic ions. Increases in tissue free amino acid content were apparently the result of increased protein degradation, decreased amino acid catabolism, and increased synthesis of certain non-essential amino acids. Here we report for the first time that glutamine is the major organic osmolyte in M. albus. Glutamine content increased to a phenomenal level of >12 μmol g -1 and >30 μmol g -1 in the muscle and liver, respectively, of fish exposed to 25‰ water. There were significant increases in glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in muscle and liver of these fish. In addition, exposure to 25‰ water for 4 days led to significant increases in GS protein abundance in both muscle and liver, indicating that increases in the expression of GS mRNA could have occurred.

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The distribution of taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and inorganic ions between plasma and erythrocytes in flounder (Platichthys flesus) at different plasma osmolalities

Cited by 73 publications

References 11 publications

Intermediary metabolism of Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus during short-term salinity exposure

Intermediary metabolism of Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus during short-term salinity exposure

Physiology of Cell Volume Regulation in Vertebrates

Glutamine accumulation and up-regulation of glutamine synthetase activity in the swamp eel,Monopterus albus(Zuiew), exposed to brackish water

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