The Distribution of the Gender Wage Gap: An Equilibrium Model

Women's Careers and Family Formation

“…For instance, FLFP increased 27 percentage points from around 25 percent to 52 percent between 1940 and 1980 in the US, and from 35 percent to 52 percent in the UK between 1950 and 1990 (Costa, 2000). In Mexico, FLFP increased by a massive 50% between 1990 and 2015, from close to 40 percent in 1990 to close to 60 percent (Bhalotra et al, 2022b).…”

“…The literature on women's labor supply tends to analyse a particular determinant and to take demand (and wages) as given, and the literature that estimates labor demand parameters tends to assume inelastic supply. In a departure from many previous studies, Bhalotra et al (2022b) specify and estimate a model that incorporates all of the determinants of labour supply indicated in the cited literature, allowing them to determine evolution of the wage and occupational structure, jointly with demand trends and under partial vs general equilibrium constructs. They also trace impacts for equilibrium outcomes of changes in the size and composition of the potential workforce, driven by trends in college attainment and migration.…”

Maternal Mortality and Women’s Political Power

“…Other Population Health Outcomes. In view of previous evidence that women leaders prioritize health (Miller 2008;Bhalotra and Clots-Figueras 2014;Bhalotra et al 2019a), we investigate whether gender quotas led to generalized improvements in population health or possibly detrimental impacts on other health outcomes, as would be the case if the observed improvements in MMR were achieved by allocating resources away from other population health priorities. To assess this we investigated adult male (and female) mortality, mortality from TB, 18 and infant mortality, which is 17.…”

New Perspectives on Inequality in Latin America

“…Several studies try to quantify the e↵ect of changes in the education and demographic composition of the workforce on the wage structure (Sanchez-Paramo and Schady, 2003;Rojas, 2006;Manacorda et al, 2010;Fernández and Messina, 2018;Acosta et al, 2019;Bhalotra et al, 2022). These studies aim to test whether shifts in relative supplies induce changes in relative returns that are consistent with the way inequality is evolving.…”

“…More recently, Bhalotra et al (2022) extended the supply-demand model into an equilibrium framework, following the work of Johnson and Keane (2013). With this extension, they can analyze the e↵ect of increasing female labor force participation on the wage structure, a significant demographic shift that has been mostly ignored in the literature.…”