The distribution of vasopressin-, oxytocin-, and neurophysin-producing neurons in the guinea pig brain

Sofroniew, Michael V.; Weindl, A.; Schinko, I.; Wetzstein, R.

doi:10.1007/bf00234734

Cited by 146 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This is in agreement with the observations in rats [27]. In contrast, in rabbits [16], guinea pigs [21] and cats [5], AVPand OXY-IR cells are concentrated in the lateral part and in the medial part of the nucleus, respectively. In monkeys [11], AVP-IR cells are distributed more ventrally and medially than OXY-IR cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Immunohistochemical Localization of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor, (Arginine8)-Vasopressin and Oxytocin Neurons in the Goat Hypothalamus.

Kikusui

Takeuchi

Mori

1997

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Distribution patterns of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), [arginine 8 ]-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXY) neurons were examined immunohistochemically in the female goat hypothalamus. The majority of the CRF immunoreactive (-IR) cells were located in the parvocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) with smaller population found in the magnocellular part of the PVN. CRF-IR cells were also found in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the preoptic area and around the fornix in the caudal part of the hypothalamus. AVP-and OXY-IR cells were similarly distributed in the hypothalamus. The majority of AVP-and OXY-IR cells were observed in the magnocellular part of PVN and the supraoptic nucleus. Smaller numbers of AVP-and OXY-IR cells were found in the parvocellular part of the PVN and lateral hypothalamic area. AVP-IR but not OXY-IR cells were located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. CRF-IR fibers were concentrated in the external palisade zone of the median eminence (ME) with a few fibers found in the internal palisade zone of the ME, whereas AVP-and OXY-IR fibers were concentrated in the internal palisade zone of the ME with a few fibers found in the external zone. These results support the view that not only CRF but also AVP and OXY are released into the hypophysial portal blood and involved in the control of pituitary endocrine function in ruminant species. -KEY WORDS: [arginine 8 ]-vasopressin, corticotropin-releasing factor, oxytocin, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, supraoptic nucleus.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 59(8): 621-628, 1997 neuroendocrinological studies to reveal the intra-brain function of three neuropeptides in the manifestation of stress-related behavior. The Shiba goat, which is a Japanese indigenous breed of goat and its closed colony has been established [10], was used in this study because basic information necessary for neurophysiological studies is available [13,25,26,31,32]. MATERIALS AND METHODSSpecimen: Brain samples were obtained from four adult female Shiba goats (Capra hirucus). They were deeply anesthetized with 30 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital following systemic heparinization (5,000 units/head, i.v.), and then perfused bilaterally via the carotid arteries with 3 l of 0.9% NaCl (the first 1 l of saline contained 10 units/ml heparin), followed by 2.5 l of Zamboni's fixative (4% paraformaldehyde, 7% saturated picric acid in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) [30].Following the perfusion, the head, from which the parietal bone was carefully removed, was put on the stereotaxic instrument for the goat [13]. The method for the stereotaxic approach was described in detail elsewhere [32]. After taking lateral X-ray photographs, reference needles were inserted into the brain vertically until they reached the basis cranii interna with predetermined distances horizontally from the inter-aural (IA) line according to the brain atlas for the Shiba goat [31]. The brain was carefully removed from the cranium and trimmed down to a block with sections parallel to the reference needles. The ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Immunohistochemical Localization of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor, (Arginine8)-Vasopressin and Oxytocin Neurons in the Goat Hypothalamus.

Kikusui

Takeuchi

Mori

1997

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…The fixed brains and different regions of the spinal cord, including the urophyses of nine fishes, were processed for paraffin-embedding. Serial sections (7 ,um) were mounted on gelatin-coated slides and immunostained by using the unlabeled antibody-enzyme method (13), following modifications introduced by Sofroniew et al (14).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraurophyseal distribution of urotensin II immunoreactive neuronal perikarya and their processes

Yulis

Lederis

1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The use of the unlabeled antibody enzyme method on serially adjacent sections permitted the demonstration of urotensin II (UII) and urotensin I (UI) immunoreactivities colocalized in most of the cells of the caudal neurosecretory system of Catostomus commersoni. The study of the upper regions of the central nervous system from the spinal cord anterior to the fifth preterminal vertebral region up to and including the brain stem revealed the presence of U1I immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons, located ventral to the central canal along the entire length of the spinal cord and medulla. Beaded nerve fibers were observed projecting to the ventrolateral surface of the spinal cord and also forming a seemingly ascending immunoreactive-UII longitudinal bundle directed toward the brain. The presence of this "extraurophyseal" system of immunoreactive-UII cells and fibers suggests that the U1I peptide may be released in upper regions of the central nervous system in response to stimuli conveyed via the cerebral spinal fluid. Thus, separate functions may be postulated for the urophyseal and the cerebral spinal fluid-contacting urotensin II systems.A caudal neurosecretory system, structurally analogous to the hypothalamic (cranial) system, exists in teleost, elasmobranch, and ganoid fishes. In teleosts, it consists of neurosecretory cells located in the caudal spinal cord that project to a highly vascularized neurohaemal region, the urophysis (1).Two types of putative peptide hormones, urotensin I (UI) and urotensin TI (UTI), have been isolated from teleost urophyses; their amino acid sequences have been determined and confirmed by the synthesis of fully active peptides (2-6). These studies revealed six different forms of the naturally occurring UTT peptide in the urophyses of three teleostean species (Gillichthys UIT, Cyprinus UT1a, -,, and -y, and Catostomus UIIA and -B). All of these UTT forms are cyclic dodecapeptides sharing an identical six-residue disulfidebridged ring in positions 6-11. The integrity of the disulfide bridge appears to be essential for UII biological activity (5, 7) and for antibody recognition in at least some cases (8).The elucidation of the Gillichthys mirabilis UIT sequence drew attention to a partial homology (positions 1-2 and 7-9) with somatostatin; however, analogies in the biological activities between the Gillichthys or other UTI peptides and somatostatin are not conclusive at present (5, 7).Previous immunocytochemical studies have shown that most or all of the caudal neurosecretory cells in several teleost species display UI or corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)/UI immunoreactivity (7, 9-11), while UII immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of a nonreactive population of neurosecretory neurons in the caudal neurosecretory system, which is variable in percentage among different species (7,12).The present study was undertaken to define the localizations of UI and U1I immunoreactivities in the caudal neurosecretory system and to determine if specific immunore...

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“…Possibly the first indication that magnocellular neurones could release peptides from their dendrites came from immunohistochemical studies indicating that the dendrites were replete with immunoreactive product (Sofroniew et al 1979). While of course this in itself is not evidence for release, the question arises as to why the peptide should be synthesized or transported into the dendrites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Neurohypophysial peptides as retrograde transmitters in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat

Pittman

Hirasawa

Mouginot

et al. 2000

Experimental Physiology

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A possible role for vasopressin and oxytocin in the physiology of the supraoptic nucleus was investigated using nystatin-perforated patch recording in acute brain slices from the rat containing the supraoptic nucleus. We observed that exogenously applied oxytocin reduced glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission by acting at a presynaptic oxytocin receptor. Endogenous oxytocin, released either by afferent excitation (tetanus) or by postsynaptic depolarization of the recorded magnocellular neurone caused a similar reduction of excitatory input and this could be blocked with an oxytocin antagonist. Thus endogenous oxytocin, released from magnocellular dendrites, acts as a retrograde transmitter to reduce afferent excitation. We discuss the possible significance of these results in terms of the physiological role of oxytocin in the intact animal and suggest possible avenues for further experimentation. Experimental Physiology (2000) 85S, 139s-143s.

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The distribution of vasopressin-, oxytocin-, and neurophysin-producing neurons in the guinea pig brain

Cited by 146 publications

References 32 publications

Immunohistochemical Localization of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor, (Arginine8)-Vasopressin and Oxytocin Neurons in the Goat Hypothalamus.

Immunohistochemical Localization of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor, (Arginine8)-Vasopressin and Oxytocin Neurons in the Goat Hypothalamus.

Extraurophyseal distribution of urotensin II immunoreactive neuronal perikarya and their processes

Neurohypophysial peptides as retrograde transmitters in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat

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