The distribution of woodland plant species in some Shropshire hedgewors

Helliwell, D. R.

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(75)90030-0

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Studies on small mammals (Sinclair and others 1967), birds (Pollard and others 1974), and shrubs (Helliwell 1975) suggest that hedgerows are not efficient corridors for movement across a landscape. Our unpublished data on forest herbs in wide hedgerows extending 350 m from woods near Millstone, New Jersey (Forman and Ensminger), showed clusters of individuals of a species nearly at random down the length of the hedgerow.…”

Section: Woods-hedgerow Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Indirect evidence that species colonize a hedgerow from an attached woods is available for wrens (Williamson 1969), butterflies (Pollard and others 1974), snails (Cameron and others t980), and shrubs (Helliwell 1975). Wegner and Merriam (1979) counted the number of birds moving between woods and hedgerow, woods and field, and hedgerow and field in Ontario, and found three-quarters of the movements were between woods and hedgerow.…”

Section: Woods-hedgerow Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Many hypothesize that hedgerows are basically corridors where movement of plants and animals is facilitated (Sinclair and others 1967, Pollard and others 1974, Helliwell 1975, Forman and Godron 1981, Forman 1981. Considerable indirect and some direct evidence is available to evaluate the hypothesis and determine its generality.…”

Section: Woods-hedgerow Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Hedgerows and hedgerow networks in landscape ecology

Forman

Baudry

1984

Environmental Management

310

192

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/ Hedgerows originated and coexist with agriculture. Their internal structure and species diversity vary widely with origin (planted, spontaneous, or remnant), farming practices in adjacent fields, and the refined art of hedgerow management. Most hedgerow species are forest-edge species, and apparently none is limited to hedgerows. Wide hedgerows composed of trees and shrubs appear to function as corridors for movement of many plants and animals across a landscape. The reduction of crop loss, by dampening pest population fluctuations with hedgerow predators, remains a hypothesis for study.Field microclimate downwind of a hedgerow is modified about 16 times the hedgerow height (h) for evaporation, and approximately 28 h for wind speed. A turbulent wind pattern with harsher microclimate is present at 6-8 h if a second hedgerow is nearby downwind~ Zones of higher crop productivity at 3-to 6-h downwind, and 2-to 6-h upwind of a second hedgerow may be expected. Overall, we expect little short-term difference in farm-field production with or without hedgerows.Evidence suggests that hedgerow networks, and especially their mesh size (of fields), exert a major control on many major landscape fluxes. Such fluxes include animal populations, wind speed, evapotranspiration and soil desiccation, soil erosion and nutrient runoff, species movement along network lines, and movement of field species across the network. In a relatively short period, the hedgerow ecosystem, with no unique species, has attained a metastable equilibrium, which is regulated by enormous human inputs.More than 20 economic roles of hedgerows are pinpointed. The roles, providing resources and protection of resources, are poorly known quantitatively. We conclude that hedgerows perform diverse functions for society and the farmer that are both economically and ecologically significant.One of the most prominent features in the moist temperate landscape is a hedgerow bordering a pasture or cultivated field. Agriculture and hedgerows apparently developed together, and today coexist over about 10% of our planet's land surface.

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Section: Woods-hedgerow Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Woods-hedgerow Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Woods-hedgerow Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Hedgerows and hedgerow networks in landscape ecology

Forman

Baudry

1984

Environmental Management

310

192

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“…1), minimizing the chance that fencerow-plot data would be influenced by intersection effects. Because there can be a positive relationship between plant richness and length of a sample plot (Helliwell 1975), all fencerow plots were positioned so that 10 m of fencerow length were sampled in each plot. Woody-plant cover and richness were measured during a 10-day period before leaf fall in October 1992; all other variables (fencerow and intersection characteristics, see below) and herbaceous-plant richness were measured during a 10-day period in March 1993.…”

Section: Plant Richnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-species richness in corridor intersections: is intersection shape influential?

Riffell

Gutzwiller

1996

Landscape Ecol

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Corridor intersections constitute nodes that can be more mesic than the intersecting corridors themselves. Such microclimatic conditions may lead to an "intersection effect," in which plant richness is higher in the intersection than in the corridors. We hypothesized that an additional factor contributing to intersection effects is the movement of plants along corridors into intersections by way of bird-and mammal-dispersed seeds. If this hypothesis is correct, one would expect intersection-shape effects, defined herein as differences in intersection richness associated with the number of possible avenues for plant influx into the intersection. Specifically, richness in intersections should be lowest for L-shape intersections (two avenues), higher for T-shape intersections (three avenues), and highest for X-shape intersections (four avenues). We used data from fencerow networks to test this hypothesis about corridor intersections. During October 1992 and March 1993, we determined woody-and herbaceous-plant richness for 25 intersections and their associated fencerows in central Texas, USA. We compared two measures of intersection richness among the three intersection shapes: richness of plants dispersed primarily by birds and mammals (vertebrate-dispersed plant richness), and richness of plants dispersed primarily by wind, ants or other means (non-vertebrate dispersed plant richness). Vertebrate-dispersed plant richness differed significantly among intersection shapes, but no differences in nonvertebrate dispersed plant richness were evident, which is what one would expect if the number of avenues for vertebrate vectors into an intersection was an important factor influencing intersection richness. The intersection-shape effects we found were not attributable to fencerow features (amount of woody cover, width, presence of breaks) or intersection characteristics (amount of woody cover, size, distance to nearest connected intersection or patch). Our results from fencerow networks support the hypothesis that intersection effects on plant richness are influenced by intersection shape via the number of intersecting corridors. Understanding patterns and processes that occur in networks is important for conservation biologists because intersections in networks have the potential to function as refugia for plant species that require conditions more mesic than those of the surrounding matrix. Networks also may be valuable as in situ sources of seed for managers attempting to restore plant communities in the matrix.

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“…Although there is substantial evidence for the value of linear features and other linkages as habitat for plants, there is limited evidence of their role or importance in the dispersal of plants through the landscape (see Pollard et al 1974;Helliwell 1975;Forman 1991Forman , 1995McDowell et al 1991;Fritz and Merriam 1993 for an introduction). This volume also gives scant attention to linkages such as greenways, urban parks, recreational trails and other linear features whose primary objective is for human recreation or aesthetic enjoyment.…”

Section: Scope Of This Bookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkages in the landscape : the role of corridors and connectivity in wildlife conservation

Bennett¹

2003

566

469

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Linkages in the Landscape IUCN'S FOREST CONSERVATION PROGRAMMEIUCN's Forest Conservation Programme coordinates and supports the activities of the IUCN Secretariat and members working with forest ecosystems. The goal of forest conservation is achieved through promoting protection, restoration and sustainable use of forest resources, so that forests provide the full potential range of goods and services.The programme makes contributions to policy at various levels and uses field projects to derive lessons to feed into the policy debate. The principles of Caring for the Earth, published jointly by IUCN, WWF and UNEP in 1991, are applied to these projects, which combine the needs of conservation and those of local communities. One major activity is to develop coherent and informed policies on forest conservation in order to advocate the translation of policies into effective actions. IUCN frequently advises major development institutions on forest issues, to ensure that conservation priorities are adequately addressed in their projects and programmes. The Forest Conservation Programme receives generous financial support from the Government of the Netherlands. The IUCN Forest Conservation Programme Linkages in the Landscape The Role of Corridors and Connectivity in Wildlife Conservation Andrew F. BennettSchool of Ecology and Environment Deakin University -Melbourne Campus, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia IUCN -The World Conservation Union 2003The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or Environment Australia concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or Environment Australia. This publication has been made possible in part by funding from Environment Australia. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder.Citation: Bennett, A.F. (1998Bennett, A.F. ( , 2003 When this volume was produced four years ago the title was prescient indeed -as the Vth World Parks Congress has selected more or less the same title for its first workshop stream ("more or less" because the workshop title is "Linkages in the landscape/seascape)". In fact, we are better thinking of the term "earthscape", which can be defined as a group of interconnected ecological systems. Earthscape also avoids the linguistic complications of trying to translate landscape into the common parlance of European, let alone global languages.The Secretariat of the linkages stream for the Vth World Parks Congress, together with the IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management,...

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The distribution of woodland plant species in some Shropshire hedgewors

Cited by 42 publications

References 8 publications

Hedgerows and hedgerow networks in landscape ecology

Hedgerows and hedgerow networks in landscape ecology

Plant-species richness in corridor intersections: is intersection shape influential?

Linkages in the landscape : the role of corridors and connectivity in wildlife conservation

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