The distyly in Primula elatior (L.) Hill (Primulaceae), with a study of flowering phenology and pollen flow

Schou, O.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1983.tb00973.x

Cited by 38 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…1) may translate sexual organ reciprocity into higher pollen transfer success. Due to the presence of two stamen whorls, this pattern resembles the situation of heterostylous species (Ganders 1976;Olesen 1979;Schou 1983;Wolfe & Barrett 1989;Washitani et al 1994;Ornelas et al 2004;Hern andez & Ornelas 2007;Wolfe, Massinga & Johnson 2009), in which the SS-morph usually receives more legitimate pollen than the LS-morph. It also confirms the finding by Stone & Thomson (1994), whereby pollination can preferentially occur between imperfect reciprocal herkogamous floral morphs, thereby leading to disassortative mating.…”

Section: A S S O R T a T I V E A N D D I S A S S O R T A T I V E C R mentioning

confidence: 79%

Long‐tongued insects promote disassortative pollen transfer in style‐dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus (Amaryllidaceae)

Simón‐Porcar

Santos‐Gally

2013

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. In hermaphroditic flowers, reciprocal herkogamy, for example heterostyly, enhances pollen transfer between floral morphs (disassortative pollination) while avoiding self-interference between sexual organs. By contrast, disassortative pollination might be compromised in style-dimorphic flowers, which lack perfect reciprocity between the two floral morphs. This suboptimal functioning has been considered to explain why stylar dimorphism is rare in nature.2. Some style-polymorphic species receive a wide array of floral visitors, including long-tongued insects that feed on nectar and short-tongued insects that feed on pollen. Differences in the morphology and behaviour of these two insect types could be manifested as different pollination patterns in each floral morph.3. By observing individual pollinators and pollen deposition and delivery in small field-based experimental arrays with emasculated and intact flowers, we studied pollination patterns mediated by different insect types (long-and short-tongued) in the two floral morphs (long-and short-styled) of the style-dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus. We investigated the patterns of pollen transfer between and within style morphs in cross-pollinations, as well as self-pollination and pollen removal rates, for each floral morph mediated by each insect type.4. Long-tongued insects were efficient pollinators of both floral morphs as they removed little pollen from the anthers but deposited comparatively large amounts on the stigmas. Although disassortative pollen transfer and assortative pollen transfer were equally high to the long-styled morph, the former prevailed in the short-styled morph. Short-tongued insects removed large amounts of pollen from the anthers but deposited only a few pollen grains on the long-styled stigmas and a negligible number of grains on short-styled stigmas regardless of the morph of the donor. 5.Synthesis. In this study, we provide empirical support for the hypothesis that, under the action of long-tongued pollinators, pollen transfer patterns in the stylar-dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus resemble in part those of heterostylous species. In addition, we found that short-tongued insects act mostly as pollen thieves, thereby limiting the male fitness of both style morphs, besides depleting the female fitness of S-morph plants. In view of these results, we propose that the differing pollination efficiencies of floral visitors, in addition to their frequency, are key in determining the morph ratio of populations in this Narcissus.

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Section: A S S O R T a T I V E A N D D I S A S S O R T A T I V E C R mentioning

confidence: 79%

Long‐tongued insects promote disassortative pollen transfer in style‐dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus (Amaryllidaceae)

Simón‐Porcar

Santos‐Gally

2013

Journal of Ecology

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“…Other visitors include Bombus wurflenii mastrucatus, Bombus ruderatus, Bombus soroeensis autumnalis, and the solitary bees Osmia rufa, Andrena bicolour, Andrena fulva and Andrena subopaca. Diptera, mainly Syrphidae, have also been observed visiting P. elatior flowers (Knuth 1909;Schou 1983;Haubruge and Rasmont 2007;Van Rossum, personal observations).…”

Section: The Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…elatior shows a sexual dimorphism (distyly) characterized by two genetically determined and self-incompatible floral morphs (pin or thrum), with each individual being either pin or thrum (Schou 1983). This promotes disassortative mating (Ganders 1979).…”

Section: The Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little is known about post-pollination in P. elatior. For instance, it is unclear whether the deposition of many illegitimate (incompatible) pollen grains on the stigmas, as reported by Schou (1983), might physically interfere with compatible pollen grains through stigma clogging (McKenna 1992). Small-scale biparental inbreeding between relatives clumped as a result of restricted seed dispersal (Van Rossum and Triest 2006b) might reduce short-distance pollination success through increased fruit abortion (Van Rossum et al 2002).…”

Section: Modelling Realized Pollen and Dye Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluorescent dye particles as pollen analogues for measuring pollen dispersal in an insect-pollinated forest herb

et al. 2010

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In flowering plants, pollen dispersal is often the major contributing component to gene flow, hence a key parameter in conservation genetics and population biology. A cost-effective method to assess pollen dispersal consists of monitoring the dispersal of fluorescent dyes used as pollen analogues. However, few comparisons between dye dispersal and realized pollen dispersal have been performed to validate the method. We investigated pollen dispersal in two small populations of the insect-pollinated herb Primula elatior from urban forest fragments using direct (paternity analyses based on microsatellite DNA markers) and indirect (fluorescent dyes) methods. We compared these methods using two approaches, testing for the difference between the distance distributions of observed dispersal events and estimating parameters of a dispersal model, and related these results to dye dispersal patterns in three large populations. Dye and realized (based on paternity inference) pollen dispersal showed exponential decay distributions, with 74.2-94.8% of the depositions occurring at <50 m and a few longer distance dispersal events (up to 151 m). No significant difference in curve shape was found between dye and realized pollen dispersal distributions. The best-fitting parameters characterizing the dye dispersal model were consistent with those obtained for realized pollen dispersal. Hence, the fluorescent dye method may be considered as reliable to infer realized pollen dispersal for forest herbs such as P. elatior. However, our simulations reveal that large sample sizes are needed to detect moderate differences between dye and realized pollen dispersal patterns because the estimation of dispersal parameters suffers low precision.

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“…During the last two decades, a number of studies have tested this hypothesis under field conditions. Nevertheless, findings provide only limited support (Levin 1968;Ornduff 1970Ornduff , 1975Ornduff , 1980aOrnduff , 1980bGanders 1974Ganders , 1976Ganders , 1979Olesen 1979;Weller 1980;Phillip and Schou 1981;Lewis 1982;Schou 1983;Price and Barrett 1984; Barrett and Glover 1985;Nicholls 1985;Glover and Barrett 1986;Bjorkman 1995;Ree 1997). Most of these studies have examined pollen loads deposited on stigmas of each floral morph to estimate the proportion of legitimate pollen deposited by pollinators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen flow in the distylous Palicourea fendleri (Rubiaceae): an experimental test of the Disassortative Pollen Flow Hypothesis

Lau

Bosque

2003

Oecologia

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The Disassortative Pollen Flow Hypothesis proposed by Darwin postulates that the relative position of anthers and stigmas in distylous flowers enhances pollen flow between flowers of different morphs (legitimate pollination), in comparison to flow between flowers of the same morph (illegitimate pollination). In order to test this hypothesis, we measured pollen transport, mediated by a trained Copper-rumped Hummingbird (Amazilia tobaci), between flowers of the distylous Palicourea fendleri under laboratory conditions. In individual tests, we offered to the hummingbird a pollen donor flower and two emasculated recipient flowers in a controlled sequence. After each foraging bout, we counted the number of pollen grains transported from the donor flower to the stigmas of both recipient flowers. In agreement with Darwin's hypothesis, we found that hummingbirds transport pollen of "pin" flowers in significantly higher numbers to legitimate "thrum" stigmas, even if previously visiting a "pin" flower. However, "thrum" pollen was deposited in greater numbers on illegitimate "thrum" stigmas. We interpret this asymmetry largely as the consequence of floral morphology; pollen flow was greater between anthers and stigmas that exhibit greater spatial matching. In P. fendleri, the position of floral organs along the corolla tube does not always precisely correspond. In our experimental system, the probability that the pollinator extracts a pollen grain from the anther and the probability of self-pollination were both dependent on the type of floral morph. We discuss the relevance of the latter findings in relation to other studies of pollen flow in heterostylous species.

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The distyly in Primula elatior (L.) Hill (Primulaceae), with a study of flowering phenology and pollen flow

Cited by 38 publications

References 34 publications

Long‐tongued insects promote disassortative pollen transfer in style‐dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus (Amaryllidaceae)

Long‐tongued insects promote disassortative pollen transfer in style‐dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus (Amaryllidaceae)

Fluorescent dye particles as pollen analogues for measuring pollen dispersal in an insect-pollinated forest herb

Pollen flow in the distylous Palicourea fendleri (Rubiaceae): an experimental test of the Disassortative Pollen Flow Hypothesis

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