The diurnal heat budget of the thermosphere

Chandra, Sushil; Sinha, A. K.

doi:10.1016/0032-0633(73)90072-x

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In this paper we have adopted a model of K(z) given by Shimazaki [1971], which basically relates the observational data in terms of a few simple parameters. The expressions for Q• and Qa are given in a previous paper [Chandra and Sinha, 1973] and are calculated here in exactly the same way. The radiation loss Qt includes the contribution due to atomic oxygen as formulated by Bates [1951] and due to CO2 as described by Stewart [1972], the volume-mixing ratio for CO2 being taken from Olioero [1970].…”

Section: Basic Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of eddy turbulence in the development of self-consistent models of the lower and upper thermospheres

Chandra

Sinha

1974

J. Geophys. Res.

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Numerical solutions of mutually coupled time‐dependent equations of continuity, momentum, and energy balance are presented to illustrate the effect of eddy turbulence on the neutral composition and temperature of the lower and upper thermospheres. The procedure adopted in this paper eliminates the necessity of making ad hoc assumptions about the conditions at the turbopause level and allows the study of the two regions in a self‐consistent manner. From the illustrative examples comprising parametric changes in the eddy diffusion coefficient the specific roles of eddy turbulence in the development of theoretical models of the thermosphere are discussed.

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Section: Basic Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of eddy turbulence in the development of self-consistent models of the lower and upper thermospheres

Chandra

Sinha

1974

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Several studies of the overall energy balance of the thermosphere have been performed by Swartz et al (1972), Chandra (1973) and Roble and Dickenson (1973). It may be said In addition, the energy transported upwards by tidal motions and gravity waves into the thermosphere from below is largely undetermined.…”

Section: General Statement Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The energy balance of the nighttime thermosphere

Glenar¹,

Bleuler²,

Nisbet³

1978

J. Geophys. Res.

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Energy balance considerations for the thermosphere are affected by the uncertainty of the solar EUV flux. The problem is simplified by investigating only the nighttime thermosphere. Vapor trail measurements provide wind data at the sunset and sunrise terminators and near the polar cap boundary. Temperature and density profiles were obtained from incoherent scatter and Ogo 6 measurements. Based on the available data the energy losses are estimated to be 8 × 1010 W due to downward conduction at 120 km and 3 × 1010 W due to infrared radiation. The energy carried by the measured winds from the polar cap is found to be 4.6 × 1010 W and that transported across the mid‐ and low‐latitude terminators, 7.6 to 11 × 1010 W. The greatest uncertainty in this analysis was in the estimates of the differences in the densities and temperatures in the lower thermosphere at the dawn and dusk terminators. Because of the large rotational velocity of the earth, small differences in these parameters correspond to large amounts of energy transported to the night hemisphere.

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“…Solar EUV heating efficiency, the ratio of energy available to the thermosphere as heat to the total energy entering the thermosphere, is a term which has come under much scrutiny in the past by various workers (Chandra and Sinha, 1973;Stolarski et al, 1975;Torr et al, 1980a,b;Richards et al, 1982). Many methods of calculation have been adopted and different figures have been found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of nitric oxide cooling and the photodissociation of molecular oxygen on the thermosphere/ionosphere system over the Argentine Islands

et al. 1997

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Abstract. In the past the global, fully coupled, timedependent mathematical model of the Earth's thermosphere/ionosphere/plasmasphere (CTIP) has been unable to reproduce accurately observed values of the maximum plasma frequency, foF2, at extreme geophysical locations such as the Argentine Islands during the summer solstice where the ionosphere remains in sunlight throughout the day. This is probably because the seasonal dependence of thermospheric cooling by 5.3 m nitric oxide has been neglected and the photodissociation of O 2 and heating rate calculations have been over-simplified. Now we have included an up-todate calculation of the solar EUV and UV thermospheric heating rate, coupled with a new calculation of a diurnally varying O 2 photodissociation rate, in the model. Seasonally dependent 5.3 m nitric oxide cooling is also included. With these important improvements, it is found that model values of foF2 are in substantially better agreement with observation. The height of the F2-peak is reduced throughout the day, but remains within acceptable limits of values derived from observation, except at around 0600 h LT. We also carry out two studies of the sensitivity of the upper atmosphere to changes in the magnitude of nitric oxide cooling and photodissociation rates. We find that hmF2 increases with increased heating, whilst foF2 falls. The converse is true for an increase in the cooling rate. Similarly increasing the photodissociation rate increases both hmF2 and foF2. These changes are explained in terms of changes in the neutral temperature, composition and neutral wind.

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The diurnal heat budget of the thermosphere

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

The role of eddy turbulence in the development of self-consistent models of the lower and upper thermospheres

The role of eddy turbulence in the development of self-consistent models of the lower and upper thermospheres

The energy balance of the nighttime thermosphere

The effects of nitric oxide cooling and the photodissociation of molecular oxygen on the thermosphere/ionosphere system over the Argentine Islands

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