The diversified hydrogels for biomedical applications and their imperative roles in tissue regeneration

Abstract

Repair and regeneration of tissues after injury are complex pathophysiological processes.

Injectable smart stimuli-responsive hydrogels: pioneering advancements in biomedical applications

“…Hydrogels are three-dimensional water-swollen networks with hydrophilic nature crosslinked by various hydrophilic polymers via chemical covalent bonds, physical non-covalent bonds or a combination of both. [1][2][3][4] Meanwhile, hydrogels could be further classified as natural, synthetic or hybrid Wei Huang Prof. Wei Huang serves as the Director of the Department of Orthopedics at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, where he also holds the position of Director of the Orthopedics Laboratory. Additionally, he holds the position of Vice President of the Orthopedic Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Association.…”

“…Hydrogels are three-dimensional water-swollen networks with hydrophilic nature crosslinked by various hydrophilic polymers via chemical covalent bonds, physical non-covalent bonds or a combination of both. 1–4 Meanwhile, hydrogels could be further classified as natural, synthetic or hybrid based on the source of constituting materials. 4–6 Due to their excellent biocompatibility, extracellular matrix (ECM)-like structure and immensely tunable properties (modified through physical/chemical methods) for specific applications, hydrogels are one of the most widely utilized soft biomaterials in tissue engineering (providing mechanical support and scaffold for tissue regeneration, transporting drugs/cells/cytokines/bioactive molecules, etc .).…”

Biomimetic Bone-Like Composite Hydrogel Scaffolds Composed of Collagen Fibrils and Natural Hydroxyapatite for Promoting Bone Repair

“…The BBCHS formed by the mixture of the two is a polymer network with high moisture content, flexibility, and good biocompatibility, which is similar to that of human tissues. This strategy for bionic bone engineering enables the BBCHS to have a microstructure and chemical composition similar to that of natural bone. − This not only improves the inherent brittleness and low fracture toughness of HAp but also improves its osteogenic potentials. According to experimental results, the BBCHS demonstrates biocompatibility and high bone-promoting activity and can adapt to the harsh environment of bone defects, maintain morphological stability for a long time, and slowly degrade to match the rate of bone regeneration.…”

Nano‐Micron Combined Hydrogel Microspheres: Novel Answer for Minimal Invasive Biomedical Applications

“…Hydrogels, crosslinked polymers formed by hydrophilic monomers, play a significant role in the biomedical field due to their excellent hydrophilicity, resemblance to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), good biocompatibility, controllable biodegradability, and adjustable physicochemical properties. [1] Since the first report in 1894, hydrogels have made significant progress, especially in recent decades, across various domains. [2] The interconnected network structure of hydrogel matrices paves the way for the transport of various drugs, therapeutic agents, and bioactive molecules, a feature particularly prominent in the DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300670 field of tissue engineering.…”