The diversity of eco‐evolutionary dynamics: Comparing the feedbacks between ecology and evolution across scales

Brunner, Franziska S.; Deere, Jacques A.; Egas, Martijn; Eizaguirre, Christophe; Raeymaekers, Joost

doi:10.1111/1365-2435.13268

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…In the same vein, we might expect that plastic responses to anthropogenic change may constrain organisms' capacity for plastic responses to other environmental factors, potentially influencing both their ecology and evolution. However, to date, these indirect, eco‐evolutionary effects of anthropogenic activity remain largely unexplored and represent an important future direction (Brunner, Deere, Egas, Eizaguirre, & Raeymaekers, 2019; Hendry, Gotanda, & Svensson, 2017). Although we examined the fitness implications of plasticity in a highly simplified pair of environments, our findings may serve as a first step in understanding the broader implications of plasticity in traits relevant to anthropogenic change in more ecologically realistic systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the fitness consequences of plasticity in tolerance to pesticides

DiGiacopo

Hua

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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In a rapidly changing world, phenotypic plasticity may be a critical mechanism allowing populations to rapidly acclimate when faced with novel anthropogenic stressors.Theory predicts that if exposure to anthropogenic stress is heterogeneous, plasticity should be maintained as it allows organisms to avoid unnecessary expression of costly traits (i.e., phenotypic costs) when stressors are absent. Conversely, if exposure to stressors becomes constant, costs or limits of plasticity may lead to evolutionary trait canalization (i.e., genetic assimilation). While these concepts are well-established in theory, few studies have examined whether these factors explain patterns of plasticity in natural populations facing anthropogenic stress. Using wild populations of wood frogs that vary in plasticity in tolerance to pesticides, the goal of this study was to evaluate the environmental conditions under which plasticity is expected to be advantageous or detrimental. We found that when pesticides were absent, more plastic populations exhibited lower pesticide tolerance and were more fit than less plastic populations, likely avoiding the cost of expressing high tolerance when it was not necessary. Contrary to our predictions, when pesticides were present, more plastic populations were as fit as less plastic populations, showing no signs of costs or limits of plasticity. Amidst unprecedented global change, understanding the factors shaping the evolution of plasticity will become increasingly important. K E Y W O R D S carbaryl, insecticide, Lithobates sylvaticus, trade-offs | 4449 DIGIACOPO AnD HUA How to cite this article: DiGiacopo DG, Hua J. Evaluating the fitness consequences of plasticity in tolerance to pesticides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the fitness consequences of plasticity in tolerance to pesticides

DiGiacopo

Hua

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Adaptive population responses to environmental change, however, rely on interactions between different levels of biological organization in the same way as nonadaptive population responses [88]. That is, evolutionary change at the population level will feedback to a number of mechanisms operating at the individual level ( [89], figure 1).…”

Section: (B) Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting population responses to environmental change from individual-level mechanisms: towards a standardized mechanistic approach

et al. 2019

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Animal populations will mediate the response of global biodiversity to environmental changes. Population models are thus important tools for both understanding and predicting animal responses to uncertain future conditions. Most approaches, however, are correlative and ignore the individual-level mechanisms that give rise to population dynamics. Here, we assess several existing population modelling approaches and find limitations to both ‘correlative’ and ‘mechanistic’ models. We advocate the need for a standardized mechanistic approach for linking individual mechanisms (physiology, behaviour, and evolution) to population dynamics in spatially explicit landscapes. Such an approach is potentially more flexible and informative than current population models. Key to realizing this goal, however, is overcoming current data limitations, the development and testing of eco-evolutionary theory to represent interactions between individual mechanisms, and standardized multi-dimensional environmental change scenarios which incorporate multiple stressors. Such progress is essential in supporting environmental decisions in uncertain future conditions.

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“…In this issue, we include the special feature “Eco‐Evolutionary Dynamics Across Scales,” guest edited by Franziska Brunner, Jacques Deere, Martijn Egas, Christophe Eizaguirre and Joost Raeymaekers (Brunner et al, ). The recognition that the rate of evolution can be exceptionally fast in response to ecological change has required ecologists to re‐evaluate the historical concepts of “ecological time” and “evolutionary time” that were so commonly treated as distinct timescales in ecology textbooks just a generation ago.…”

Section: Special Features and Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%