The diversity of Trichoderma species from soil in South Africa, with five new additions

Abstract

Fourteen Trichoderma (Hypocreales) species were identified during a survey of the genus in South Africa. These include T. afroharzianum, T. asperelloides, T. asperellum, T. atrobrunneum, T. atroviride, T. camerunense, T. gamsii, T. hamatum, T. koningii, T. koningiopsis, T. saturnisporum, T. spirale, T. virens, and T. viride. Ten of these species were not known to occur in South Africa prior to this investigation. Five additional species were novel and are described here as T. beinartii, T. caeruleimontis, T. chetii, T. restrictum, and T. undulatum. These novel Trichoderma species display morphological traits that are typical of the genus. Based on molecular identification using calmodulin, endochitinase, nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), RNA polymerase II subunit B, and translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequence data, T. beinartii, T. caeruleimontis, and T. chetii were found to belong to the Longibrachiatum clade, whereas T. restrictum is a member of the Hamatum clade. Trichoderma undulatum occupies a distinct lineage distantly related to other Trichoderma species. Strains of T. beinartii and T. chetii were isolated previously in Hawaii and Israel; however, T. caeruleimontis, T. restrictum, and T. undulatum are so far known only from South Africa.

Three New Reports of Trichoderma in Algeria: T. atrobrunneum, (South) T. longibrachiatum (South), and T. afroharzianum (Northwest)

“…It has been argued that the versatility of Trichoderma nutritional strategies can be described by the expansions of the spectrum of hosts and substrates due to the enrichment of its genome by the laterally transferred genes required for feeding on the plant biomass [ 48 , 58 ]. Du Plessis et al [ 59 ] explains the unusual occurrence of fungal species in Africa and southern regions due to insufficient research efforts in order to shed light on the vast and wide range of fungal populations in more than half of the world’s ecosystems. Obviously, further efforts are needed, and the comprehensive understanding of this important genus will be to focus in more detail on the specific ecological niches and physicochemical needs of different species, using undoubtedly metabarcoding approaches.…”

Antagonismo de Trichoderma spp. vs hongos asociados a la marchitez de chile

“…Las características macro y microscópicas a considerar fueron textura de la colonia, presencia de micelio, anillos concéntricos, tinción de la colonia al reverso, forma y tamaño de conidios y fiálides (Chaverri et al, 2015;Jang et al, 2018;Nawaz et al, 2018;Du Plessis et al, 2018), se observaron las estructuras de los aislamientos de Trichoderma spp. a 40X en un microscopio óptico (Zeiss Axiosiop plus).…”

Trichoderma atroviride como controlador biológico de fusariosis de espiga de trigo mediante la reducción del inóculo primario en rastrojo

“…The presence of this species has already been described in warm regions of South America (Brazil and Peru) and in colder regions of North America in Canada and eastern United States (Samuels, 2006). Additionally, within the same clade, other three strains were identif ied as T. atroviride -species that has also been reported as cosmopolitan (du Plessis et al, 2018). Two isolates were identif ied as T. longibrachiatum, a species of wide geographic distribution which has been reported as a causal agent of localized and systemic infections in immunodepressed or dialyzed patients (Druzhinina et al, 2008).…”

“…La presencia de esta especie ha sido descrita en regiones cálidas de América del Sur (Brasil y Perú) y en regiones más frías de América del Norte, en Canadá y este de Estados Unidos (Samuels, 2006). También dentro del mismo clado, otras tres cepas fueron identif icadas como T. atroviride, especie que también ha sido reportada como cosmopolita (du Plessis et al, 2018). Dos de los aislamientos fueron identif icados como T. longibrachiatum.…”