The diversity of microsporidian parasites infecting the Holarctic amphipod Gammarus lacustris from the Baikal region is dominated by the genus Dictyocoela

Drozdova, Polina; Dimova, Mariya; Gurkov, Anton; Vereshchagina, Kseniya; Adelshin, R. V.; Timofeyev, Maxim A.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2020.107330

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The exploration of Dictyocoela infections in Gammarus balcanicus adds 31 haplogroups to this genus of microsporidia. The phylogenetic reconstruction and inclusion to the general phylogeny built by [24] and [27], to which we added recently-published sequences from the Baikal region [19,26,28], allowed us to assign these genotypes unambiguously to four already- At a global level, our expanded dataset confirmed that no strict specificity could be found between Dictyocoela species and their hosts. Most species or major clades of Dictyocoela were found infecting several host species, some of them being distantly phylogenetically related within amphipods [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The tree was also based on GTR+G+I model, using 1000 bootstraps and the same outgroup. The topology of this tree is similar to the ones in [24] and [28].…”

Section: Phylogeny Reconstruction For Microsporidians and Taxonomic Amentioning

confidence: 58%

“…for the most recent [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]), contrasting with the studies made on amphipods of different clades where Dictyocoela were easily found (e.g. for the most recent [19,[26][27][28]38]. The closest relative of Dictyocoela spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Second, literature SSU sequences of Dictyocoela spp. found infecting European freshwater or brackish water amphipods, as in [27], with the addition of parasites from Lake Baikal [19,26,28], and from USA [23,50,51]. Sequences were aligned using MAFFT7.388 software [52], with the E-IONS-I algorithm using the legacy gap penalty option, incorporated in Geneious 10.2.2 [48].…”

Section: Phylogeny Reconstruction For Microsporidians and Taxonomic Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…form a monophyletic clade restricted to amphipod hosts. Many Dictyocoela species, or strains within species has been identified, mostly using molecular tools [18][19][20][21][24][25][26][27][28]. However, a number of these variants were formally described as species using both molecular and morphological criteria [23,24], namely Dictyocoela muelleri, D. roeselum, D. berillonum, D. duebenum and D. diporeiae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dictyocoela microsporidia diversity and co-diversification with their host, a gammarid species complex (Crustacea, Amphipoda) with an old history of divergence and high endemic diversity

et al. 2020

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Background Although the processes of co-evolution between parasites and their hosts are well known, evidence of co-speciation remains scarce. Microsporidian intracellular parasites, due to intimate relationships with their hosts and mixed mode of transmission (horizontal but also vertical, from mother to offspring), may represent an interesting biological model for investigating co-speciation. Amphipod crustaceans, especially gammarids, are regular hosts of microsporidian parasites, in particular the Dictyocoela spp., which have so far been found limited to these amphipods and are known to use a vertical mode of transmission. The amphipod genus Gammarus has a diversification history spanning the last 50–60 Mya and an extensive cryptic diversity in most of the nominal species. Here, we investigated the degree of co-diversification between Dictyocoela and Gammarus balcanicus, an amphipod with high degrees of ancient cryptic diversification and lineage endemism, by examining the genetic diversity of these parasites over the entire geographic range of the host. We hypothesised that the strong host diversification and vertical transmission of Dictyocoela would promote co-diversification. Results Using the parasite SSU rDNA as a molecular marker, analyzing 2225 host specimens from 88 sites covering whole host range, we found 31 haplogroups of Dictyocoela, 30 of which were novel, belonging to four Dictyocoela species already known to infect other Gammarus spp. The relationships between Dictyocoela and gammarids is therefore ancient, with the speciation in parasites preceding those of the hosts. Each novel haplogroup was nevertheless specific to G. balcanicus, leaving the possibility for subsequent co-diversification process during host diversification. A Procrustean Approach to Co-phylogeny (PACo) analysis revealed that diversification of Dictyocoela was not random with respect to that of the host. We found high degrees of congruence between the diversification of G. balcanicus and that of Dictyocoela roeselum and D. muelleri. However, we also found some incongruences between host and Dictyocoela phylogenies, e.g. in D. duebenum, probably due to host shifts between different G. balcanicus cryptic lineages. Conclusion The evolutionary history of Dictyocoela and Gammarus balcanicus represents an example of an overall host-parasite co-diversification, including cases of host shifts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The tree was also based on GTR+G+I model, using 1000 bootstraps and the same outgroup. The topology of this tree is similar to the ones in [24] and [28].…”

Section: Phylogeny Reconstruction For Microsporidians and Taxonomic Amentioning

confidence: 58%