The Diversity of Neurologic Events in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Kaell, Alan

doi:10.1001/archneur.1986.00520030063016

Cited by 111 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, SAH, apart from secondary SAH due to intracerebral hemorrhage, is not common in SLE patients in Western countries. In large-scale studies on SLE in North America and Europe, the incidence of clinically defined SAH is approximately 0.3% in patients with central nervous system involvement [3,4,6,12]. Most notably, the incidence is approximately 0.1% in SLE patients younger than 50 years, and the age-and gender-adjusted risk of SAH is no higher in these relatively young SLE patients than in the general population [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have suggested that 3-15% of patients with SLE have cerebrovascular incidents during the course of their disease [2][3][4][5][6][7][8], a frequency higher than that in the general population, especially in young women [9][10][11]. Most cerebrovascular incidents in SLE patients involve cerebral infarction and, less frequently, hemorrhage [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has rarely been reported in SLE, aside from cases involving secondary leakage from an intracerebral hemorrhage, and most of these reports were from Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subarachnoid hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus in Japan: two case reports and a review of the literature

2009

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We report 51- and 43-year-old Japanese female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to rupture of intracranial saccular aneurysms. We also review the literature of Japanese SLE patients with SAH. SAH in Japanese SLE patients is more frequent than in patients from Western countries, has different features from the general population, and can occur regardless of SLE disease activity. Clinicians must pay attention to SAH in all SLE patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subarachnoid hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus in Japan: two case reports and a review of the literature

2009

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“…Myelopathies occur in two patterns, an acute syndrome of traverse myelopathy and a slowly progressive vascular myelopathy, which simulates combined system degeneration peripheral neuropathies. Polyradiculopathies, mononeuropathology multiplex, autonomic neuropathies and myopathies in SLE are all well documented, although the true incidence has not yet been determined [56,57,60,105].…”

Section: Clinical Syndromes In Neuro-slementioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic lupus erythematosus: immunopathogenesis of neurologic dysfunction

Moore

Lisak

1995

Springer Semin Immunopathol

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Neurologic complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (neuro-SLE) are common. The most frequent manifestations of neuro-SLE are seizures, encephalopathy, and behavioral changes, but a wide variety of other neurologic abnormalities affecting the central and peripheral nervous system and muscle also occur. Although the prevalence of neuro-SLE is high, the diversity of clinical presentations, the multiple potential etiologies, and the absence of sensitive and specific diagnostic tests render diagnosis difficult. Recent advances in understanding mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction combined with advances in imaging techniques, including functional imaging, should help in diagnosis and management. The mechanisms of neurologic injury can be divided into three broad categories. First, neuronal dysfunction may result from direct effects of the immune system on brain cells such as autoantibody binding to cell surface, immune complex deposition with secondary inflammation, and effects of cytokines. Second, immune- mediated injury to supportive structures such as the vasculature may also affect the nervous system by producing ischemia. Finally, the neuraxis may be affected by any one of several immune and non- immune effects of infection, toxins, and metabolic disturbances.

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“…The commonest finding on CT scanning is a mild cerebral atrophy. Focal changes of infarct and haemorrhage are less common, and frequently CT scans fail to detect changes in patients who clinically have evidence of localized brain pathology (Bilanuik et al, 1977;Carette et al, 1982;Kaell et al, 1986). Not only does MRI accurately identify focal lesions, but Bell et al (1991) found that in patients with non-focal disease there appear to be areas of increased signal intensity which are subcortical and larger and more numerous than in patients with focal CNS lupus.…”

Section: Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Npsle)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with focal disease also appear to be nonresponsive to steroids and have a less favourable outcome compared to those with evidence of a diffuse disorder (Kaell et al, 1986Bell et al, 1991. In the series of five elderly patients presenting with NP-SLE described by Dennis et al (1992), three patients had a good response to steroids, two of whom had evidence of focal disease.…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus and the elderly

Dennis

1994

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Recent research suggests systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is more common in the elderly than previously thought. Neuropsychiatric disorder occurs in the majority of patients at some time during the course of the illness. Frequently neuropsychiatric features occur early, and may precede other typical features of multisystem disease by some years. An organic brain syndrome is the most frequently encountered neuropsychiatric manifestation of SLE. It is important that cases presenting to elderly services are recognized, as organic brain disorders resulting from SLE are potentially treatable.

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The Diversity of Neurologic Events in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Cited by 111 publications

References 34 publications

Subarachnoid hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus in Japan: two case reports and a review of the literature

Subarachnoid hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus in Japan: two case reports and a review of the literature

Systemic lupus erythematosus: immunopathogenesis of neurologic dysfunction

Neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus and the elderly

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