The Division of Labour in Society

Durkheim, Émile

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-17729-5

Cited by 2,817 publications

(1,416 citation statements)

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“…Likewise, we did not discuss societal-level outcomes, but there is reason to believe that tight and loose societies are differentiated in their degree of societal order and cohesion versus social disorganization, rates of innovation versus stability, and degree of conformity and deviance, in parallel to other levels of analysis. Indeed, sociological theorists have argued that weak normative systems result in numerous forms of delinquency, including bending the rules and various forms of retreatism (e.g., alcoholism) (Durkheim, 1893(Durkheim, /1964Merton, 1968). This is consistent with Baumeister and Heatherton's (1996) analysis of American culture, which they argued has numerous societal deviance problems (e.g., teenage pregnancy, drugs and alcohol abuse, assaults) that arise from a general "climate" of permissiveness and a lack of discipline and social control.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the nature and importance of cultural tightness-looseness.

Gelfand

Nishii

Raver

2006

Journal of Applied Psychology

830

910

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Cross-cultural research is dominated by the use of values despite their mixed empirical support and their limited theoretical scope. This article expands the dominant paradigm in cross-cultural research by developing a theory of cultural tightness-looseness (the strength of social norms and the degree of sanctioning within societies) and by advancing a multilevel research agenda for future research. Through an exploration of the top-down, bottom-up, and moderating impact that cultural tightness-looseness has on individuals and organizations, as well as on variance at multiple levels of analysis, the theory provides a new and complementary perspective to the values approach.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the nature and importance of cultural tightness-looseness.

Gelfand

Nishii

Raver

2006

Journal of Applied Psychology

830

910

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“…Although occupations have been long recognized as central forces in modern life (Durkheim, 1964), contemporary organiza-tional theory and research generally have not incorporated the study of occupations (Trice, 1993). Barley and Tolbert (1991) highlighted this disregard by concluding that organizational researchers have ignored occupation as a contextual influence, "even though the interplay between occupation and organization clearly constitutes a central dynamic in the work lives of individuals" (p. 3).…”

Section: Omnibus Context and Managerial Role Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The milieu of managerial work: An integrative framework linking work context to role requirements.

Dierdorff

Rubin

Morgeson

2009

Journal of Applied Psychology

168

206

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Theoretical and empirical efforts focusing on the interplay between work context and managerial role requirements have been conspicuously absent in the scholarly literature. This paucity exists despite over 60 years of research concerning the requirements of managerial work and with the rather universal recognition that work context meaningfully shapes organizational behavior. The authors developed a theoretical model linking different types of role requirements to different forms of work context. They empirically tested this framework with a nationally representative sample of 8,633 incumbents spanning 52 managerial occupations. Findings from hierarchical linear modeling analyses demonstrated that discrete forms of context (task, social, and physical) exert significant and predictable effects on managerial role requirements.

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“…Modernization theory based on Durkheim (1964) is the most famous sociological theory explaining variation in homicide rates. The social and economic transformation a country 5 goes through in the process of development and modernization is seen as having important consequences for violent crime rates.…”

Section: Modernization Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%