The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus revisited: 1986 update

Bernardis, Lee L.; Bellinger, Larry L.

doi:10.1016/0165-0173(87)90004-x

Cited by 257 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 371 publications

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“…In agreement with the described intrahypothalamic projections of DMH neurons [19, 20], UHR-1 mRNA was found in several hypothalamic substructures (fig. 4B, D).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Prolactin-Releasing Peptides Do Not Stimulate Prolactin Release in vivo

et al. 2000

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The prolactin (PRL)-releasing activity of the novel prolactin-releasing peptides (PrRPs) was studied in vivo using male and lactating female rats. Whereas thyrotropin-releasing hormone effectively stimulated PRL and thyrotropin release as expected, PrRP in both animal models neither stimulated PRL secretion nor affected the release of other pituitary hormones. At the anterior pituitary level, in situ hybridization (ISH) histochemistry and Northern blot analysis revealed significantly higher expression levels of PrRP receptor (UHR-1) transcripts in female compared to male rats but not between lactating and nonlactating animals. By ISH, expression of UHR-1 mRNA was also detected in the intermediate lobe but not in the posterior pituitary. UHR-1 transcripts were also readily detectable in various hypothalamic brain areas whereas expression of PrRP mRNA was restricted to the ventral part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus but was not detected in neuroendocrine hypothalamic nuclei (e.g. PVN, SON). We thus assume that in the central nervous system, PrRP may likely have functions as a neuromodulator. However, together with the detailed cytochemical studies of various investigators that failed to detect PrRP-immunopositive nerve endings in the median eminence, our results strongly suggest that the hypothalamic PrRPs cannot be classified as hypophysiotrophic factors.

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“…In agreement with the described intrahypothalamic projections of DMH neurons [19, 20], UHR-1 mRNA was found in several hypothalamic substructures (fig. 4B, D).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Prolactin-Releasing Peptides Do Not Stimulate Prolactin Release in vivo

et al. 2000

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“…In contrast, direct inputs from brain stem nuclei are sparse, except for a substantial input from the parabrachial nucleus (148). Given the fact that the DMH subserves many different functions, including ingestive behavior, thermoregulation, and circadian rhythms in addition to stress responses (12,54,148), and the fact that the inputs to the DMH arise from many different sources, it is difficult to identify specifically the inputs that generate stress-evoked cardiovascular and respiratory responses.…”

Section: Role Of Dmh and Pef In Integrating Stress-evoked Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and respiratory function during stress and arousal

Dampney

2015

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

129

116

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Actual or potentially threatening stimuli in the external environment (i.e., psychological stressors) trigger highly coordinated defensive behavioral responses that are accompanied by appropriate autonomic and respiratory changes. As discussed in this review, several brain regions and pathways have major roles in subserving the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to threatening stimuli, which may vary from relatively mild acute arousing stimuli to more prolonged life-threatening stimuli. One key region is the dorsomedial hypothalamus, which receives inputs from the cortex, amygdala, and other forebrain regions and which is critical for generating autonomic, respiratory, and neuroendocrine responses to psychological stressors. Recent studies suggest that the dorsomedial hypothalamus also receives an input from the dorsolateral column in the midbrain periaqueductal gray, which is another key region involved in the integration of stress-evoked cardiorespiratory responses. In addition, it has recently been shown that neurons in the midbrain colliculi can generate highly synchronized autonomic, respiratory, and somatomotor responses to visual, auditory, and somatosensory inputs. These collicular neurons may be part of a subcortical defense system that also includes the basal ganglia and which is well adapted to responding to threats that require an immediate stereotyped response that does not involve the cortex. The basal ganglia/colliculi system is phylogenetically ancient. In contrast, the defense system that includes the dorsomedial hypothalamus and cortex evolved at a later time, and appears to be better adapted to generating appropriate responses to more sustained threatening stimuli that involve cognitive appraisal. defensive behavior; sympathetic activity; respiratory activity; hypothalamus; midbrain; sympathetic premotor nuclei AN ANIMAL'S SURVIVAL is dependent on being able to respond appropriately to stressors, which can be categorized into two different groups: interoceptive (also-called physical) stressors and exteroceptive (also-called psychological) stressors (44,133). Physical stressors are those that directly threaten homeostasis, such as hypoxia, hemorrhage, or infection, whereas psychological stressors can be defined as actual or perceived threats in the external environment. Psychological stressors can be further subdivided into conditioned stressors (i.e., ones that are normally innocuous but which are perceived as threatening because of previous experiences) or unconditioned stressors (i.e., ones that are intrinsically threatening, such as the sight, sound, or odor of a predator). Physical and psychological stressors activate different populations of neurons in the brain (44,63,102). Similarly, there is evidence that the autonomic responses to conditioned and unconditioned psychological stressors are also mediated by different pathways in the brain (62). In this review, which is based on my 2013 Carl Ludwig Distinguished Lecture to the American Physiological Society, I consider the brain mec...

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“…Although lesions of the DMH have long been known to affect food intake and body weight (Bernardis and Bellinger, 1987), the neural circuitry and/or the projections of the DMH contributing to its role in energy homeostasis have yet to be characterized. Li and colleagues have reported that NPY neurons in the DMH activated during lactation project to the PVN, but these lactation-induced NPY expressing neurons were not localized to the compact subregion of the DMH (Smith, 1993, Li et al, 1998.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the feeding inhibition and neural activation produced by dorsomedial hypothalamic cholecystokinin administration

et al. 2008

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Within the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), cholecystokinin (CCK) has been proposed to modulate neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling to affect food intake. However, the neural circuitry underlying the actions of this CCK-NPY signaling system in the controls of food intake has yet to be determined. We sought to characterize the feeding inhibition and brain neural activation produced by CCK administration into the DMH of rats. We determined the time course of feeding inhibitory effects of exogenous DMH CCK, assessed NPY gene expression in the DMH in response to DMH CCK administration, and characterized c-Fos activation in the entire brain induced by CCK injection into the DMH using c-Fos like immunohistochemistry. We found that parenchymal injection of CCK into the DMH decreased food intake during the entire 22 hour observation period, with a primary effect in the first 4 hours, and down-regulated NPY gene expression in the DMH. c-Fos immunohistochemistry revealed that DMH CCK increased the number of c-Fos positive cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), arcuate nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus and retrochiasmatic area as well as in the contralateral DMH. This pattern of activity is different from that produced by peripherally administered CCK which is short acting and primarily activates neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract and area postrema, as well as the PVN and DMH. Together, these data suggest that DMH CCK plays an important role in the control of food intake, and does so by activating different pathways from those activated by peripheral CCK.

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The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus revisited: 1986 update

Cited by 257 publications

References 371 publications

Prolactin-Releasing Peptides Do Not Stimulate Prolactin Release in vivo

Prolactin-Releasing Peptides Do Not Stimulate Prolactin Release in vivo

Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and respiratory function during stress and arousal

Characterization of the feeding inhibition and neural activation produced by dorsomedial hypothalamic cholecystokinin administration

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