“…Speed versus stamina is measured by a dosage index using five categories-brilliant, intermediate, classic, solid, and professional-with more stamina and less speed in the latter categories. For more information, readers are referred to the work by Hausch, Bain & Ziemba (2006) and Gramm & Ziemba (2008), who study this by merging the odds (prices) with expert opinion (breeding measured by dosage), and the comprehensive work by Roman (2016). (For details on how to calculate the dosage index and its use, especially in the Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes, see the Supplemental Materials.…”