The Dose- and Time-Dependent Cytotoxic Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets: In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Bavorova, Hana; Švadláková, Tereza; Fiala, Zdeněk; Pisal, Rishikaysh; Mokrý, Jaroslav

doi:10.3390/nano12121978

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…471 Cytotoxicity of such vehicles may be associated with the size or concentration of nanotubes and the ability of graphene to integrate between proteins during protein-protein interactions, which can lead to dissociation of protein-protein complexes. [472][473][474] On the other hand, cytotoxic properties of graphene nanoformulations can be used for inhibiting proliferation of cancer cells. 475,476 CNTs are researched as transfection agents for hard-to-transfect cells, such as primary fibroblasts or MSCs.…”

Section: Graphene-based Carbon Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The menace of severe adverse events and deaths associated with viral gene therapy and its potential solution

Kachanov,

Kostyusheva,

Brezgin

et al. 2024

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Over the past decade, in vivo gene replacement therapy has significantly advanced, resulting in market approval of numerous therapeutics predominantly relying on adeno‐associated viral vectors (AAV). While viral vectors have undeniably addressed several critical healthcare challenges, their clinical application has unveiled a range of limitations and safety concerns. This review highlights the emerging challenges in the field of gene therapy. At first, we discuss both the role of biological barriers in viral gene therapy with a focus on AAVs, and review current landscape of in vivo human gene therapy. We delineate advantages and disadvantages of AAVs as gene delivery vehicles, mostly from the safety perspective (hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, inflammatory responses etc.), and outline the mechanisms of adverse events in response to AAV. Contribution of every aspect of AAV vectors (genomic structure, capsid proteins) and host responses to injected AAV is considered and substantiated by basic, translational and clinical studies. The updated evaluation of recent AAV clinical trials and current medical experience clearly shows the risks of AAVs that sometimes overshadow the hopes for curing a hereditary disease. At last, a set of established and new molecular and nanotechnology tools and approaches are provided as potential solutions for mitigating or eliminating side effects. The increasing number of severe adverse reactions and, sadly deaths, demands decisive actions to resolve the issue of immune responses and extremely high doses of viral vectors used for gene therapy. In response to these challenges, various strategies are under development, including approaches aimed at augmenting characteristics of viral vectors and others focused on creating secure and efficacious non‐viral vectors. This comprehensive review offers an overarching perspective on the present state of gene therapy utilizing both viral and non‐viral vectors.

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