The dose of cyclophosphamide for treating paraquat-induced rat lung injury

Abstract

Background/AimsCyclophosphamide (CP) is a promising treatment for severe cases of paraquat (PQ) poisoning. We investigated the effective dose of CP for mitigating PQ-induced lung injury.MethodsAdult male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into five groups: control, PQ (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), and PQ + CP (1.5, 15, or 30 mg/kg). The dimensions of lung lesions were determined using X-ray microtomography (micro-CT), and histological changes and cytokine levels were recorded.ResultsThe micro-CT results showed that 15 mg/kg CP was more effective than 1.5 mg/kg CP for treating PQ-induced lung injury. At a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, CP alleviated the histological evidence of inflammation and altered superoxide dismutase activity. Using 15 mg/kg CP reduced the elevated catalase activity and serum transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 level.ConclusionsA CP dose of > 15 mg/kg is effective for reducing the severity of PQ-induced lung injury as determined by histological and micro-CT tissue examination, possibly by modulating antioxidant enzyme and TGF-β1 levels.

Silymarin attenuates paraquat‐induced lung injury via Nrf2‐mediated pathway in vivo and in vitro

“…Furthermore, reduced MPO activity was also detected in a mouse model of bleomycin induced‐pulmonary toxicity that was treated with silymarin . The present study demonstrates that PQ administration caused lung histopathological changes, including infiltration of inflammatory cells, thickening of alveolar septum and collagen accumulation, which are in line with previous findings . However, our experiments revealed that lung injury and inflammatory responses (the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages) in lung tissue were effectively alleviated by silymarin administration.…”

Protective effects of intranasal curcumin on paraquot induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice

“…PQ intoxication leads to ALI within few days which involves neutrophil influx, alveolar hemorrhage and edema of pulmonary epithelial cells. Till date, no effective drug is available to prevent PQ-induced lung damage although some studies have suggested that immunosuppressive agents such as methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide may be effective (Zerin et al, 2012;Choi et al, 2013).…”

Changes in the Respiratory System of Rats Exposed to the Herbicide Paraquat

“…The lungs are the main target organs of paraquat, leading to severe injury and fibrosis, causing epithelial cellular injury due to your action on type I and type II pneumocytes in addition to edema, hemorrhage, infiltration of inflammatory cells and cellular espações (Rocco et al, 2004;Samson et al, 2006;Choi et al, 2013), however, the oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of paraquat-induced lung injury (Tian et al, 2014).…”