The Dose Response of Taurine on Aerobic and Strength Exercises: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Taurine is a naturally occurring amino acid involved in various functions, including regulating ion channels, cell volume, and membrane stabilization. However, how this molecule orchestrates such functions is unknown, particularly the dose response in exercised muscles. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically review the dose response of taurine on both aerobic and strength exercise performance. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, relevant articles were sought on PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using related terms, including taurine, exercise performance, exercise, muscle, physical training, running, strength, endurance exercise, resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, and swimming. Ten articles were retrieved, reviewed, and subjected to systematic analysis. The following parameters were used to assess exercise performance in the selected studies: creatine kinase (CK), lactic acid dehydrogenase, carbohydrate, fat, glycerol, malondialdehyde, enzymatic antioxidants, blood pH, taurine level, and muscular strength. From the selected literature, we observed that taurine supplementation (2 g three times daily) with exercise can decrease DNA damage. Furthermore, 1 g of acute taurine administration before or after exercise can decrease lactate levels. However, acute administration of taurine (6 g) at a high dose before the start of exercise had no effect on reducing lactate level, but increased glycerol levels, suggesting that taurine could be an effective agent for prolonged activities, particularly at higher intensities. However, further studies are warranted to establish the role of taurine in fat metabolism during exercise. Finally, we observed that a low dose of taurine (0.05 g) before performing strength enhancing exercises can decrease muscular fatigue and increase enzymatic antioxidants.Systematic Review Registration:http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, PROSPERO (CRD42021225243).

Effects of a Single Dose of a Creatine-Based Multi-Ingredient Pre-workout Supplement Compared to Creatine Alone on Performance Fatigability After Resistance Exercise: A Double-Blind Crossover Design Study

“…The observed results after MIPS may be linked to two possible additional mechanisms, which involve other components of the mixture, able to synergistically produce benefits to different levels of muscle work intensities, as we observed through the measure of CV slopes at 20 and 60% of MVC: (1) an acute role of β-alanine on the buffer capacity of the muscle during the fatiguing task as previously hypothesized by Invernizzi et al ( 7 ), although we were not able to provide biochemical evidence of this assertion by measuring differences of blood pH, and (2) an overall “antifatigue” effect due to the presence of molecules able to regulate recognized mechanisms involved in the onset of high-intensity resistance exercise-induced fatigue ( 39 – 41 ), such as glutamine, arginine, and taurine. Glutamine is an ammonia buffering and its supplementation was associated with the prevention of ammonia accumulation ( 42 ); arginine is the precursor of nitric oxide (NO) and thus plays an important role in increasing of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and blood flow to skeletal muscle, which may impact the TtT during high-intensity isometric contractions ( 43 ); taurine has been reported to reduce resistance exercise-related fatigue by decreasing oxidative stress due to muscle damage ( 44 ).…”

Taurine, a non-proteinous essential amino acid for human body systems: an overview

“…The three main enzymes involved are cystathionine-β-synthase, cystathionine-γ-lyase, and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), all of which require pyridoxal 5 0 -phosphate, the active co-enzyme form of vitamin B 6 , as a cofactor. Vitamin B 6 insufficiency has been proven to impede taurine biosynthesis due to low intake, drug antagonism or altered metabolism by one or more diseases (Chen et al, 2021;Stone et al, 2021;Wang, He, Mai, Xu, & Zhou, 2016). The direct synthesis of taurine from L-cysteine can be accomplished in four pathways (Figure 2).…”

“…The direct synthesis of taurine from L-cysteine can be accomplished in four pathways (Figure 2). The capacity to synthesize taurine is assumed to be reflected by the function of CSAD, an enzyme that transforms cysteine sulfinic acid into hypotaurine and cysteic acid into taurine (Chen et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2016). The quantity of CSAD enzyme has been reported very low in the cat and, low in humans and primates (Baliou et al, 2021;Jacobsen & Smith, 1968).…”

Functional ingredient taurine: adequate and clinically effective doses

“…Содержание таурина в некоторых готовых к употреблению пищевых продуктах [9,10] Table 1. The taurine content of some ready-to-eat foods [9,10] Пищевой продукт (порция) Gastroenterology дит к снижению уровня лактата (однократный прием 1 г таурина до или после тренировки [29]), активности креатинкиназы, маркеров воспаления и улучшению показателей гликолитического/жирового окисления [28]. Прием таурина по 2 г 3 раза в день во время физических упражнений может уменьшить повреждение ДНК [29].…”

“…The taurine content of some ready-to-eat foods [9,10] Пищевой продукт (порция) Gastroenterology дит к снижению уровня лактата (однократный прием 1 г таурина до или после тренировки [29]), активности креатинкиназы, маркеров воспаления и улучшению показателей гликолитического/жирового окисления [28]. Прием таурина по 2 г 3 раза в день во время физических упражнений может уменьшить повреждение ДНК [29]. В то же время имеются сведения о том, что прием 1 г таурина перед тренировкой не улучшал показатели производительности во время 4-километровой велогонки и не влиял на буферную емкость крови у тренированных велосипедистов [30].…”