The Dosimetry of Very High Intensity Pulsed Electron Sources Used for Radiation Chemistry: II. Dosimetry for Gaseous Samples

Willis, C.; Miller, O. A.; Rothwell, A.E.; Boyd, A. W.

doi:10.1021/ba-1968-0081.ch037

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…As a result, the neutralization reactions [6] and [lo] will be suppressed by the addition of SF, though the ion-molecule reactions [5], [7], [8], and [9] will remain unaffected. The reduction in Can.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon monoxide yields in the radiolysis of carbon dioxide at very high dose rates

Willis¹,

Boyd²,

Bindner³

1970

Can. J. Chem.

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Carbon d~oxide has been ~rradiated with electron pulses at a dose rate of 2 x loz7 eV g-I s-'.The measured carbon monoxide yield IS G(CO) = 7.8 + 0.3. Addit~on of SF6, an electron scavenger, reduces thls y~eld to G(C0) = 4.8 which is the same, w~t h~n the exper~mental error, as the low dose rate yield G(CO) = 4.5 + 0.5. The efiect of SF6 and the difference between the high and low dose rate y~elds IS explained by suppression of dlssociat~ve neutralization of the CzO,+ Ion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dose fro111 these electron pulses was determined from the yield of nitrogen from nitrous oxide taking G(N2) = 12.4 (6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon monoxide yields in the radiolysis of carbon dioxide at very high dose rates

Willis¹,

Boyd²,

Bindner³

1970

Can. J. Chem.

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“…It was assumed that in the pulse radiolysis of nitrous oxide 12.4 molecules of N2 are produced per 100 eV [10][11] . Relative stopping powers per electron relative to nitrous oxide were calculated from the tables of Berger and Seltzer [12].…”

Section: Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse radiolysis of methane

Rebbert¹,

Lias²,

Ausloos³

1973

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A.

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The pulse radiolysis of methane has been studied in the absence and presence of electron scaven· gers such as SFs and C03I and positive ion scavengers such as i-C,O,o in order to define the role of the intermediates H, C, CH, CH2, CR" C H~, and C,H~ in product formation. The dose rate was varied from 0.68 to 15.2 X 10'9 eV/g-s, the dose (number of pulses) was varied, and th e duration of the pulse was c hanged from 3 ns to 100 ns. The variation of the yields of th e ethylene and ethan e products with dose is explained by the reaction of H-atoms with accumulated ethylene product. The fast reacting C, CH, and 'CH2 species insert into methane to form acetylene, ethylene , and ethane products, but a ll of the reaction s of these species cannot be completely specified since they may originate in upper electronic states, whose reactions with methane are unknown. Product formation by the slow reacting 3CH2 and CH3 radicals is also examined; for instance, evidence is presented for the occurrence of the rea ction:"C H2 + CH3 --> C2 H, + H. Results indi cate that the ion s 'CHt and C,H ~ undergo neutralization mainly throu gh the processes CHt+e--> CH.+ H C2 H; + e --> (C, H,) ' + H --> C,H2 + H + H2 (2H).When i-C,Ow is added, a fra ction of the CH; and C2H; react with th e ad ditive rather than undergo neutralization. A calcu lation demonstrates that the fraction of ions undergoing reaction with a given concentration of i-C,D,o can be correctly predi cted by assuming that th e rate constant for neutralization of CH; and C2H; is the same as that ':!etermined recently for th e t-butyl ion.

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“…The electron beam has a diameter of 3-4 em just outside the thin titanium window of the instrument. For a given diode tube, the pulse-to-pulse reproducibility is excellent wIth Ii maximum deviation from the average of about 6 percent and an average deviation of less than 3 percent [4].…”

Section: Pulsed Electron Beam Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Nitrous oxide at 1 atm pressure was used as the dosimetric gas using G(N2 ) = 12.4 as determined by Willis et al [4,7]. The relative stopping power per electron of neopentane to nitrous oxide or air was calculated from the tables of Berger and Seltzer [8] …”

Section: Dosimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse radiolysis of neopentane in the gas phase

Rebbert¹,

Ausloos²

1972

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A.

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The pulse radiolysi s of gaseous neopentane has bee n inves ti gat ed in th e absence and prese nce of electron scave ngers (SF 6, C D3 I, CC\4)' Deuterium labelin g ex perim e nts s how th at th e s table produ ct molecul es can be acco unted for by (a) radi cal co mbin ation reactions involving mainl y C H3 and H; (b) hydride ion transfer rea ctions involving C2H3+, C2Hs +, and C3Hs+; (c) neutralization reac tions of C. H. + a nd CsHI1 +; and (d) unimolec ular dissociation of the pare nt ion (Cs H ,,+ ) and of electroni call y excited neope ntane. Neutralization of th e t-C.H. + ion, whi ch-is the maj or positive ion in the syste m occ urs as follows : (a) t-C .H. + + e -> i -C.H. + H and (b) t-C.H9+ + e -> 2CH" + G,H6• It is shown th at CsHI1 + produ ced in hydride ion transfer reaction CIIH,.,++ neo-CSH.2 -> CIIH,.,+,+CsH I1 + (where C IIHII,+ =C 2H3 +, C2Hs+ , and C3Hs+) rearranges to the CH3C +(C H,,)C H2CH3 stru ctu re prior to neutralization. A detailed acco untin g of all products produced in the unimolecular and bim olecular reactions led to the conclus ion that th e ratio of ne utral electroni cally excited molecules to pare nt ions (Nex/N+) is 0.28.

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The Dosimetry of Very High Intensity Pulsed Electron Sources Used for Radiation Chemistry: II. Dosimetry for Gaseous Samples

Cited by 28 publications

References 1 publication

Carbon monoxide yields in the radiolysis of carbon dioxide at very high dose rates

Carbon monoxide yields in the radiolysis of carbon dioxide at very high dose rates

Pulse radiolysis of methane

Pulse radiolysis of neopentane in the gas phase

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