“…Nevertheless, there exist general robust findings which describe well the evolution of income disparities between the Russian regions, mainly measured by the beta-convergence models. Indeed, there is a clear common evidence for beta-divergence between the Russian regions during the first part of the transition period (Popov, 2001;Dolinskaya, 2002;Fedorov, 2002;Berkovitz & Dejong, 2002;Carluer, 2005;Benini et al, 2007;Badunenko et al, 2010) whereas evidence of beta-convergence has been found in the "Putin era" (Akhmedjonov, Chi, & Izgi, 2013;Oshchepkov, 2015) which in particular increased during the last decade (Vakulenko, 2016;Durand-Lasserve et al, 2018;Kaneva & Untura, 2019).…”