The Drop of Cash Payment as a Part of an Effective Grey Area Reduction in Poland

Ćwiąkała-Małys, Anna; Piotrowska, Iwona

doi:10.15611/pn.2017.480.03

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…13 The experience of European control and tax authorities, including Poland, indicates that the shadow economy is fostered by the free flow of cash associated with business transactions. 14 This position was also presented by Schneider and Williams, 15 as well as other authors and organizations. An obvious feature of any activity in the shadow economy is the desire for anonymity, leading to the predominant use of cash between the parties to a transaction.…”

Section: The Shadow Economy As a Results Of Cash Circulationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Are non-cash payments the solution to limit the size of the shadow economy?

2024

SPE

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Background:The research available in the literature shows that cash payments significantly determine the development of the shadow economy. In Poland, the size of the unobservable economy poses a challenge to the political and financial security of the state. The legislator is introducing solutions using digital technology and artificial intelligence (e.g., SAF-T, online cash registers, STIR, structured e-invoices) aimed at reducing activity in the shadow economy, which accounts for a significant part of the tax gap. As there is a large percentage of cash payments, these tools are not able to reduce its size significantly. Thus, it is necessary to promote and increase the number of non-cash payments, which should improve the analytical and control capabilities of tax services. 1 Research purpose: The purpose of the article is to identify the main causes of the shadow economy and how cash circulation contributes to it. The article ascertains whether the development of noncash payments (increasing their number, value and share in the total value of transactions made) contributes to reducing the size of the shadow economy. The research goal has been achieved. However, despite the growth of non-cash settlements, the shadow economy has been growing steadily since 2020. The factors for its growth should be sought outside the sphere of payments. Methods: The research was based on a search of the literature on the unobservable economy, its essence and main causes, and the paper cites research on reducing the shadow economy by promoting cashless payments. Data on non-cash payments in Poland -their number, value and share in the total value of transactions made -are presented and interpreted. They are juxtaposed with data on the level of the shadow economy in Poland. The paper is mainly supported by analysis of industry reports and data from the National Bank of Poland and the IPAG Institute Foundation. Conclusions: Despite the increasing popularity of cashless payments in Poland, the size of the shadow economy has been growing steadily since 2020. This is mainly influenced by the

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Section: The Shadow Economy As a Results Of Cash Circulationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Are non-cash payments the solution to limit the size of the shadow economy?

2024

SPE

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A Central Vat Invoice Register and Changes in Penal and Fiscal Penal Laws as a Way of Limiting the Phenomenon of Fictitious Invoices

Ćwiąkała-Małys¹,

Piotrowska²

2018

PRACE NAUKOWE UNIWERSYTETU EKONOMICZNEGO WE WROCŁAWIU

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Jednym z elementów mechanizmu wyłudzeń VAT jest wprowadzanie przez przedsiębiorców do obrotu gospodarczego fikcyjnych faktur. Dokumenty te nie odzwierciedlają faktycznych operacji gospodarczych i są wystawiane w sposób świadomy lub też nie, przez co uczestniczą w przestępczym procederze. Podjęte działania zapobiegające nieprawidłowościom w powyższym zakresie to między innymi zaostrzenie wysokości kar w Kodeksie karnym skarbowym oraz Kodeksie karnym. Narzędziem wspomagającym wykrywanie nieprawidłowości ma stać się elektroniczny Centralny Rejestr Faktur. Jest to repozytorium danych, do którego będą trafiały wystawiane faktury. Pozwoli to organom kontrolnym przeciwdziałać i wykrywać przestępstwa karuzelowe oraz wspierać je w wychwytywaniu fałszywych i nieprawidłowych faktur, a następnie skutecznie karać uczestników tego procederu.

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The Drop of Cash Payment as a Part of an Effective Grey Area Reduction in Poland

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Are non-cash payments the solution to limit the size of the shadow economy?

Are non-cash payments the solution to limit the size of the shadow economy?

A Central Vat Invoice Register and Changes in Penal and Fiscal Penal Laws as a Way of Limiting the Phenomenon of Fictitious Invoices

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