The Drowning of New Zealand and the Problem of Agathis

Knapp, Michael; Mudaliar, Ragini; Havell, David; Wagstaff, Steven J.; Lockhart, Peter J.

doi:10.1080/10635150701636412

Cited by 83 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Previous studies of gymnosperm radiations mostly have inferred Oligocene-age crown groups (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), and a recent meta-analysis found a median crown age for gymnosperm genera of 32 Ma, younger than that found for angiosperm genera (25). Our dating of those genera with more than one species in the Cupressaceae similarly suggests relatively recent diversifications (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Distribution of living Cupressaceae reflects the breakup of Pangea

Mao

Milne

Zhang

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

244

255

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Most extant genus-level radiations in gymnosperms are of Oligocene age or younger, reflecting widespread extinction during climate cooling at the Oligocene/Miocene boundary [∼23 million years ago (Ma)]. Recent biogeographic studies have revealed many instances of long-distance dispersal in gymnosperms as well as in angiosperms. Acting together, extinction and long-distance dispersal are likely to erase historical biogeographic signals. Notwithstanding this problem, we show that phylogenetic relationships in the gymnosperm family Cupressaceae (162 species, 32 genera) exhibit patterns expected from the Jurassic/Cretaceous breakup of Pangea. A phylogeny was generated for 122 representatives covering all genera, using up to 10,000 nucleotides of plastid, mitochondrial, and nuclear sequence per species. Relying on 16 fossil calibration points and three molecular dating methods, we show that Cupressaceae originated during the Triassic, when Pangea was intact. Vicariance between the two subfamilies, the Laurasian Cupressoideae and the Gondwanan Callitroideae, occurred around 153 Ma (124-183 Ma), when Gondwana and Laurasia were separating. Three further intercontinental disjunctions involving the Northern and Southern Hemisphere are coincidental with or immediately followed the breakup of Pangea.ancestral areas reconstruction | molecular clock

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Distribution of living Cupressaceae reflects the breakup of Pangea

Mao

Milne

Zhang

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

244

255

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“…In another paper Goldberg et al (2008) review the molecular evidence for several New Zealand terrestrial animals, concluding that the New Zealand biota is 'in most respects, more like that of an oceanic archipelago than a continent' (p. 3319). Few have questioned this new trend in interpretation of New Zealand biogeography (Knapp et al 2007;Edgecombe and Giribet 2008;Boyer and Giribet 2009;Allwood et al 2010).…”

Section: Moa's Ark and Goodbye Gondwanamentioning

confidence: 99%

'Moa's Ark' or 'Goodbye Gondwana': is the origin of New Zealand's terrestrial invertebrate fauna ancient, recent or both?

Giribet

Boyer

2010

Invert. Systematics

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Abstract. Evaluating the hypothesis of New Zealand's total submersion during the Oligocene requires the strictest tests, including sound phylogenetic data and dating of phylogenies. Although New Zealand has been traditionally considered to host ancient biota that originated by vicariance after it separated from Australia~80 Mya, the ancient origins of its biota have been recently questioned, with some authors even suggesting that all current land organisms had to arrive to the islands after it re-emerged from the ocean 22 million years ago. Here we examine examples of short-range endemic soil-dwelling invertebrates and find compelling evidence that at least some of them are the result of old lineages that diversified in New Zealand before the hypothesised submersion event 22 million year ago. We conclude that New Zealand indeed has old lineages as well as recently diversified lineages and compare this situation with that of other more stable areas of the Neotropics.

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“…But is there truly a Gondwanan character to the New Zealand flora and fauna? This topic has been the subject of fierce debate over the past few years, with some maintaining that Gondwanan vicariance has played a major role in establishing the biota of New Zealand (Harvey, 1996;Cooper et al, 2001;Ericson et al, 2002;Stockler et al, 2002) and others insisting that submersion of New Zealand during the Oligocene and/or long-distance dispersal of organisms to the archipelago have erased any Gondwanan signal in extant communities (McGlone, 2005;Waters & Craw, 2006;Knapp et al, 2007;Trewick et al, 2007;Landis et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welcome back New Zealand: regional biogeography and Gondwanan origin of three endemic genera of mite harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi)

Boyer¹,

Giribet

2009

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Biogeographers have long been intrigued by New Zealand's biota due to its unique combination of typical 'continental' and 'island' characteristics. The New Zealand plateau rifted from the former supercontinent Gondwana c. 80 Ma, and has been isolated from other land masses ever since. Therefore, the flora and fauna of New Zealand include lineages that are Gondwanan in origin, but also include a very large number of endemics. In this study, we analyse the evolutionary relationships of three genera of mite harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) endemic to New Zealand, both to each other and to their temperate Gondwanan relatives found in Australia, Chile, Sri Lanka and South Africa. Location New Zealand (North Island, South Island and Stewart Island).Methods A total of 94 specimens of the family Pettalidae in the suborder Cyphophthalmi were studied, representing 31 species and subspecies belonging to three endemic genera from New Zealand (Aoraki, Neopurcellia and Rakaia) plus six other members of the family from Chile, South Africa, Sri Lanka and Australia. The phylogeny of these taxa was constructed using morphological and molecular data from five nuclear and mitochondrial genes (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, 16S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and histone H3, totalling c. 5 kb), which were analysed using dynamic as well as static homology under a variety of optimality criteria. ResultsThe results showed that each of the three New Zealand cyphophthalmid genera is monophyletic, and occupies a distinct geographical region within the archipelago, grossly corresponding to palaeogeographical regions. All three genera of New Zealand mite harvestmen fall within the family Pettalidae with a classic temperate Gondwanan distribution, but they do not render any other genera paraphyletic.Main conclusions Our study shows that New Zealand's three genera of mite harvestmen are unequivocally related to other members of the temperate Gondwanan family Pettalidae. Monophyly of each genus contradicts the idea of recent dispersal to New Zealand. Within New Zealand, striking biogeographical patterns are apparent in this group of short-range endemics, particularly in the South Island. These patterns are interpreted in the light of New Zealand's turbulent geological history and present-day patterns of forest cover.

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The Drowning of New Zealand and the Problem of Agathis

Cited by 83 publications

References 37 publications

Distribution of living Cupressaceae reflects the breakup of Pangea

Distribution of living Cupressaceae reflects the breakup of Pangea

'Moa's Ark' or 'Goodbye Gondwana': is the origin of New Zealand's terrestrial invertebrate fauna ancient, recent or both?

Welcome back New Zealand: regional biogeography and Gondwanan origin of three endemic genera of mite harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi)

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