The Dual Functions of a Bracovirus C-Type Lectin in Caterpillar Immune Response Manipulation

Wu, Xiaotong; Wu, Zhiwei; Ye, Xi-qian; Pang, Lan; Sheng, Yifeng; Wang, Zehua; Zhou, Yuenan; Zhu, Jiachen; Hu, Rongmin; Zhou, Sicong; Chen, Jiani; Wang, Zhizhi; Shi, Min; Huang, Jianhua

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.877027

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(109 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In a system where host and parasitoid are deeply connected, it is evident that the host might be attacked by other contemporary pathogens. For example, the environmental bacteria that can be introduced into the haemocoel of host insects via external wound sites caused by parasitoid invasion (Manfredini et al, 2010; Wu et al, 2022). Given the role of NO in insect immunity, we therefore deduced that the parasitism‐induced NO elevation might also exhibit antibacterial activity in the host.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A parasitoid regulates 20E synthesis and antibacterial activity of the host for development by inducing host nitric oxide production

Dai,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Insect Molecular Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Parasitoids are important components of the natural enemy guild in the biological control of insect pests. They depend on host resources to complete the development of a specific stage or whole life cycle and thus have evolved towards optimal host exploitation strategies. In the present study, we report a specific survival strategy of a fly parasitoid Exorista sorbillans (Diptera: Tachinidae), which is a potential biological control agent for agricultural pests and a pest in sericulture. We found that the expression levels of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in host Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) were increased after E. sorbillans infection. Reducing NOS expression and NO production with an NOS inhibitor (NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) in infected B. mori significantly impeded the growth of E. sorbillans larvae. Moreover, the biosynthesis of 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) in infected hosts was elevated with increasing NO production, and inhibiting NOS expression lowered 20E biosynthesis. More importantly, induced NO synthesis was required to eliminate intracellular bacterial pathogens that presumably competed for shared host resources. Inhibiting NOS expression down‐regulated the transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes and increased the number of bacteria in parasitized hosts. Collectively, this study revealed a new perspective on the role of NO in host–parasitoid interactions and a novel mechanism for parasitoid regulation of host physiology to support its development.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A parasitoid regulates 20E synthesis and antibacterial activity of the host for development by inducing host nitric oxide production

Dai,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Insect Molecular Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a system where host and parasitoid are deeply connected, it is evident that the host might be attacked by other pathogens, like environmental bacteria that can be introduced into the hemocoel via external wound sites [35, 36]. Given the role of NO in insect immunity, we therefore deduced that parasitism induced NO elevation might also exhibit antibacterial activity in the host.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dipteran parasite regulates 20E synthesis and antibacterial activity of the host for development through inducing host nitric oxide production

Dai,

Jiang,

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Parasites primarily rely on the host to survive, and have evolved diverse survival strategies. In the present study, we report a specific survival strategy of a dipteran parasiteExorista sorbillans(Diptera: Tachinidae), which is a potential biological control agent for agricultural pests and a pest in sericulture. We found that the expression levels of host nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production were increased afterE. sorbillansinfection. Reducing NOS expression and NO production with a NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) in infected hosts significantly impeded the growth ofE. sorbillanslarvae. Moreover, the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) biosynthesis of infected hosts was elevated with increasing NO production, and inhibiting NOS expression also lowered 20E biosynthesis. More importantly, induced NO synthesis was required to eliminate intracellular bacterial pathogens that presumably competed for shared host resources. Inhibiting NOS expression down-regulated the transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes and increased the number of bacteria in infected hosts. Collectively, this study revealed a new perspective on the role of NO in host-parasite interactions and a novel mechanism for parasite regulation of host to support its development.Author summaryParasites are ubiquitous on earth and diverse, and have evolved various strategies to match their own specific requirements for survival within the host. In this study, we found thatExorista sorbillans, an endoparasite of many agricultural pests and the main insect pest in sericulture, used a novel strategy to manipulate its host NO synthesis for survival within its hostBombyx mori. Specifically, NOS expression and the production of NO in the host were up-regulated byE. sorbillansinfection, which benefited larvalE. sorbillansdevelopment. Meanwhile, increased NO production in host activated 20E synthesis of parasitized hosts and triggered the expression of AMPs against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria to avoid nutritional competence in the host. Our study provides innovative insights into the mechanisms by which a parasite manipulates host NO production for development and may help to expand our knowledge of other parasitic systems.

show abstract

“…In this study, RNAi was chosen as the optimal system for testing the effect of virulence factors. Although gene knockdown is difficult to achieve in Lepidoptera, the effectiveness of PDV gene interference is relatively high, with a 70–80%, and sometimes a 90%, decrease in target gene expression [ 60 , 61 ]. In addition, it is a technical challenge to overexpress genes in Lepidoptera, and previous studies have used baculovirus as a transient expression system to analyze CvBV-gene cellular immune responses [ 40 , 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Polydnavirus Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Negatively Regulates the Host Phenoloxidase Pathway

Gao

Wang

et al. 2022

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polydnavirus (PDV) is a parasitic factor of endoparasitic wasps and contributes greatly to overcoming the immune response of parasitized hosts. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) regulate a wide variety of biological processes at the post-transcriptional level in mammals, but knowledge of PDV PTP action during a parasitoid–host interaction is limited. In this study, we characterized a PTP gene, CvBV_12-6, derived from Cotesia vestalis bracovirus (CvBV), and explored its possible regulatory role in the immune response of the host Plutella xylostella. Our results from qPCR show that CvBV_12-6 was highly expressed in hemocytes at an early stage of parasitization. To explore CvBV_12-6 function, we specifically expressed CvBV_12-6 in Drosophila melanogaster hemocytes. The results show that Hml-Gal4 > CvBV_12-6 suppressed the phenoloxidase activity of hemolymph in D. melanogaster, but exerted no effect on the total count or the viability of the hemocytes. In addition, the Hml-Gal4 > CvBV_12-6 flies exhibited decreased antibacterial abilities against Staphylococcus aureus. Similarly, we found that CvBV_12-6 significantly suppressed the melanization of the host P. xylostella 24 h post parasitization and reduced the viability, but not the number, of hemocytes. In conclusion, CvBV_12-6 negatively regulated both cellular and humoral immunity in P. xylostella, and the related molecular mechanism may be universal to insects.

show abstract

The Dual Functions of a Bracovirus C-Type Lectin in Caterpillar Immune Response Manipulation

Cited by 4 publications

References 109 publications

A parasitoid regulates 20E synthesis and antibacterial activity of the host for development by inducing host nitric oxide production

A parasitoid regulates 20E synthesis and antibacterial activity of the host for development by inducing host nitric oxide production

A dipteran parasite regulates 20E synthesis and antibacterial activity of the host for development through inducing host nitric oxide production

A Polydnavirus Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Negatively Regulates the Host Phenoloxidase Pathway

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About