2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.12.010
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The dual systems model: Review, reappraisal, and reaffirmation

Abstract: According to the dual systems perspective, risk taking peaks during adolescence because activation of an early-maturing socioemotional-incentive processing system amplifies adolescents' affinity for exciting, pleasurable, and novel activities at a time when a still immature cognitive control system is not yet strong enough to consistently restrain potentially hazardous impulses. We review evidence from both the psychological and neuroimaging literatures that has emerged since 2008, when this perspective was or… Show more

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Cited by 650 publications
(704 citation statements)
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“…This dual-systems hypothesis of frontal self-control and striatal reward systems has been one of the most influential models of adolescent development (Shulman et al, 2016) and has been used to explain phenomena such as increased risk-taking and sensation-seeking in adolescence (Casey et al, 2008;Steinberg, 2008;Van Den Bos, Rodriguez, Schweitzer, & McClure, 2015). There has been some empirical support for this theory.…”
mentioning
confidence: 94%
“…This dual-systems hypothesis of frontal self-control and striatal reward systems has been one of the most influential models of adolescent development (Shulman et al, 2016) and has been used to explain phenomena such as increased risk-taking and sensation-seeking in adolescence (Casey et al, 2008;Steinberg, 2008;Van Den Bos, Rodriguez, Schweitzer, & McClure, 2015). There has been some empirical support for this theory.…”
mentioning
confidence: 94%
“…Neurodevelopmental models of adolescent brain development attribute the elevated impulsivity observed in adolescence to an imbalance in the maturation of the mostly subcortical affective brain network, the cortical cognitive control network, and the connections between the two (Casey et al, 2015;Ernst, 2014;Shulman et al, 2016). Specifically, the affective network, which is involved in the anticipation and valuation of rewards, matures earlier than the control network and its top-down connections; this incongruence is thought to result in increased impulsive behaviour.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…En efecto, desde la caracterización de la adolescencia como un periodo de "tormenta y tensión" que presentara Stanley Hall (1904), pasando por la proposición de una "adultez emergente" (Arnett, 2000), se han ido desarrollando miradas más complejas sobre los cambios que experimentan adolescentes y jóvenes. En ese sentido, por ejemplo, cabe mencionar los diferentes modelos de organización del cerebro adolescente y joven que se agrupan bajo la denominación de Modelos de Sistemas Duales (ver, por ejemplo: Casey, Getz, & Galván, 2008;Shulman et al, 2016). Estos modelos consideran que hay un desarrollo asimétrico entre las estructuras encargadas del procesamiento y del control cognitivo, y aquellas encargadas del procesamiento de información socioemocional (Steinberg, 2008).…”
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“…Esta disparidad en el tiempo de maduración de ambos conjuntos de estructuras cerebrales explicaría por qué los adolescentes son capaces de razonar y considerar lógicamente las consecuencias de sus acciones, pero llegado el momento de inhibir la búsqueda de reforzamiento inmediato (emocionalmente hablando) no son capaces de lograrlo y es recién en los primeros años de la juventud (20/25 años) cuando el sistema de control socioemocional y control cognitivo empiezan a funcionar de manera integrada (Shulman et al, 2016). Como correlato neurobiológico de la particular interacción entre el sistema de control cognitivo y el sistema de control socioemocional, varias áreas cerebrales continúan desarrollándose durante la adolescencia y la juventud, especialmente la corteza prefrontal, que está íntimamente asociada a las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE), la Toma de Decisiones (TD) y el control inhibitorio de las respuestas impulsivas (Albert & Steinberg, 2011;Blakemore & Robbins, 2012).…”
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