The durability of cement and concrete in sea water

Ben-Yair, M.

doi:10.1016/0011-9164(67)80004-3

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…5 Cements often degrade when cations (e.g., sulfate, carbonate) attack calcium hydroxide and CSH gels. 6 The precipitates from these reactions (e.g., ettringite, brucite, aragonite) often adsorb water, causing swelling and cracking. 7 In reinforced structures, water, often containing high salt concentrations, reaches metal reinforcements leading to corrosion, allowing the feedback loop to continue.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemistry of OPC is complex and varied but is generally related to its calcium:silicon ratio and the structure of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gels that emerge when the material is hydrated . Cements often degrade when cations (e.g., sulfate, carbonate) attack calcium hydroxide and CSH gels . The precipitates from these reactions (e.g., ettringite, brucite, aragonite) often adsorb water, causing swelling and cracking .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility of Using Calcium Silicate Carbonation to Synthesize High-Performance and Low-Carbon Cements

Plattenberger

Opila

Shahsavari³

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Cement is the world’s most widely consumed man-made material and it contributes between 5% and 10% of the total annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Here, we report on a new method for producing crystalline calcium silicate hydrate (CCSH) phases with low lifecycle carbon emissions. The materials were made by curing silicate feedstocks, principally pseudowollastonite (CaSiO3), under elevated partial pressures of CO2 in buffered aqueous solutions. CCSH mortars cured for 7 days achieved compressive strength of 13.9 MPa, which is comparable to the 28-day strength of Type-S ordinary Portland cement mortars. Bromine diffusivity tests, used as an indicator of durability of the materials, show that CCSH mortars have significantly lower diffusivity than ordinary Portland cement. The resistance to dissolution at low pH of the materials was measured using acid exposure tests and found that CCSH mortar lost only 3.1% of its mass compared to 12.1% in OPC. Total carbon measurements showed that these materials can sequester between 169 and 338 g of CO2 per kg of cement, as opposed to ordinary Portland cement, which emits nearly 1000 g of CO2 per kg, indicating this calcium silicate carbonation process could be enabling chemistry for all-new low-carbon and high-performance infrastructure materials.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%