The Dutch Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI): a reliability and validation study

Graaf, Marloes Thoomes-de; Scholten-Peeters, Gwendolyne G M; Duijn, Edwin; Karel, Yasmaine; Koes, Bart W.; Verhagen, Arianne P.

doi:10.1007/s11136-014-0879-1

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Although the SPADI is designed as if it consists of two parts (pain and disability), we chose to only formulate one substitute question and to assess the correlation with the total SPADI. The theoretical deviation into two separate parts has not been confirmed in our earlier study [ 20 ]. As the majority of the SPADI questions focuses on difficulties with performing an activity due to pain, we formulated the substitute question with a similar focus (difficulties with performing an activity due to shoulder pain).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…The total score varies between 0 and 100, a higher score indicates a higher level of pain-related disability [ 18 ]. The Dutch SPADI (SPADI-D) has shown to be valid (hypothesis testing, factor structure), reliable (internal consistency and test–retest), interpretable (measurement error, floor, and ceiling effects) and responsive, in patients with shoulder pain in primary care [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One question might be capable of replacing the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) when measuring disability: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2017

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QuestionsIs it possible to replace the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) with a single substitute question for people with shoulder pain, when measuring disability and how well does this substitute question perform as a predictor for recovery.DesignA prospective cohort study.ParticipantsA total of 356 patients with shoulder pain in primary care.AnalysesConvergent, divergent, and “known” groups validity were assessed by using hypotheses testing. Responsiveness was assessed using the Receiver Operating Curve and hypothesis testing. In addition, we performed multivariate regression to assess if the substitute question showed similar properties as the SPADI and if it affected the model itself, using recovery as an outcome.ResultsThe Spearman correlation coefficient between the total SPADI score and the substitute question was high, and moderate with the Shoulder Disability Questionnaire. The correlation between the substitute question and the EQ-5D-3L was low and the responsiveness was acceptable. The substitute question did not significantly contribute to both prognostic prediction models as opposed to the SPADI. Regardless all models showed poor to fair discrimination.ConclusionThe single question is a reasonable substitute for the SPADI and can be used as a screening instrument for shoulder disability in primary clinical practice. It has slightly poorer predictive power and should therefore not be used for prognosis.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One question might be capable of replacing the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) when measuring disability: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2017

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“…This leads to a score between 0 (best) and 100 (worst) [ 27 ]. The SPADI has been translated and validated in Dutch [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation under anesthesia versus physiotherapy treatment in stage two of a frozen shoulder: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Kraal

Boer

Borne³

et al. 2017

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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BackgroundThere is no consensus about the optimal treatment strategy for frozen shoulders (FS). Conservative treatment consisting of intra-articular corticosteroid infiltrations and physiotherapy are considered appropriate for most patients. However, with a conservative strategy, patients experience a prolonged rehabilitation period with a considerable amount of pain and disabilities in daily life. Also, at long term, a residual amount of pain and restriction of range of motion is frequently reported. Manipulation under anesthesia is a short and relative simple procedure with the potential to rapidly reduce symptoms and restore the range of motion. The objective of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of MUA followed by a PT program compared to a PT program alone, in the treatment of patients with a stage two FS. We hypothesize that the course of the disease can be shortened with MUA with a quicker functional recovery.MethodsThis is a prospective, single center, randomized controlled trial. Eligible patients will be allocated to either the manipulation (MUA) group or the physiotherapy alone (PT) group. In the MUA group manipulation will be performed under interscalene block, directly followed by an intensive physiotherapy treatment protocol, with the goal to maintain the obtained range of motion. Patients allocated to the PT group are given advice and education and receive a written protocol to hand out to their physical therapist based on the recent guideline of the Dutch Shoulder Network for the treatment of frozen shoulders. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the sample size, patients demographics, presence of diabetes mellitus, range of motion, duration of symptoms till randomization and will be presented for each treatment group. The SPADI is used as primary functional outcome parameter. Secondary outcome parameters are; OSS, NPRS, EQ-5D 3-L, passive range of motion, WORQ-UP, duration of symptoms, usage of analgesics and adverse events. A sample size of 41 subjects in each group was calculated. Follow up is planned after 1,3 and 12 months. The length of physiotherapy treatment in both groups is variable, depending on individual progression. Differences between groups in outcome parameters will be analysed using the linear mixed modelling and the restricted maximum likelihood ratio technique for estimating the model parameters.DiscussionSuccessful completion of this trial will provide evidence on the best treatment strategy for patients with a stage two frozen shoulder. The results of this study can lead to a better understanding for the role of manipulation in the treatment of frozen shoulders.Trial registrationThis trial is registered in the Dutch Trial Register under the number NTR6182 on the 20th of February 2017.

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“…Item responses were rated on a eleven-point scale (0-10) leading to a score between 0 (best) and 100 (worst)[ 28 ]. The SPADI has been translated and validated in Dutch[ 29 , 30 ]. Pain on average last week, and pain at night were scored on a ten-point numeric pain-rating scale (NPRS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticosteroid injection alonevsadditional physiotherapy treatment in early stage frozen shoulders

Kraal

Sierevelt

Deurzen

et al. 2018

WJO

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AIMTo investigate the additional value of physiotherapy after a corticosteroid injection in stage one or two idiopathic frozen shoulders (FSs).METHODSA two center, randomized controlled trial was done. Patients with a painful early stage idiopathic FS were eligible for inclusion. After written consent, patients were randomly allocated into two groups. All patients received an ultrasound-guided intra-articular corticosteroid injection. One group underwent additional physiotherapy treatment (PT) and the other group did not (non-PT). The primary outcome measure was the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Secondary outcomes were pain (numeric pain rating scale), range of motion (ROM), quality of life (RAND-36 score), and patient satisfaction. Follow-up was scheduled after 6, 12 and 26 wk.RESULTSTwenty-one patients were included, 11 patients in the non-PT and ten in the PT group, with a mean age of 52 years. Both treatment groups showed a significant improvement at 26 wk for SPADI score (non-PT: P = 0.05, PT: P = 0.03). At the 6 wk follow-up, median SPADI score was significant decreased in the PT group (14 IQR: 6-38) vs the non-PT group (63 IQR: 45-76) (P = 0.01). Pain decreased significantly in both groups but no differences were observed between both treatment groups at any time point, except for night pain at 6 wk in favor of the PT group (P = 0.02). Significant differences in all three ROM directions were observed after 6 wk in favor of the PT group (P ≤ 0.02 for all directions). A significantly greater improvement in abduction (P = 0.03) and external rotation (P = 0.04) was also present in favor of the PT group after 12 wk. RAND-36 scores showed no significant differences in health-related quality of life at all follow-up moments. At 26 wk, both groups did not differ significantly with respect to any of the outcome parameters. No complications were reported in both groups.CONCLUSIONAdditional physiotherapy after corticosteroid injection improves ROM and functional limitations in early-stage FSs up to the first three months.

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The Dutch Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI): a reliability and validation study

Abstract: The Dutch SPADI is a valid and reliable questionnaire for patients in primary care in assessing functional disability.

Cited by 45 publications

References 31 publications

One question might be capable of replacing the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) when measuring disability: a prospective cohort study

One question might be capable of replacing the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) when measuring disability: a prospective cohort study

Manipulation under anesthesia versus physiotherapy treatment in stage two of a frozen shoulder: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Corticosteroid injection alonevsadditional physiotherapy treatment in early stage frozen shoulders

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