The Duty to Eradicate Global Poverty: Positive or Negative?

Gilabert, Pablo

doi:10.1007/s10677-005-6489-9

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Pogge explicitly situates his argument for harm avoidance against beneficence or charity which do not acknowledge the systemic contributions to injustice and inequality. Gilabert critiques Pogge’s cosmopolitan project by articulating a positive duty to provide “reasonable assistance securing the conditions of autonomous agency” [30]. Gilabert argues that this positive duty promotes a solidarity that actually engages with a global citizenship to help create the conditions for human flourishing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmopolitanism and foreign policy for health: ethics for and beyond the state

Lencucha

2013

BMC Int Health Hum Rights

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BackgroundForeign policy holds great potential to improve the health of a global citizenship. Our contemporary political order is, in part, characterized by sovereign states acting either in opposition or cooperation with other sovereign states. This order is also characterized by transnational efforts to address transnational issues such as those featured so prominently in the area of global health, such as the spread of infectious disease, health worker migration and the movement of health-harming products. These two features of the current order understandably create tension for truly global initiatives.DiscussionNational security has become the dominant ethical frame underlying the health-based foreign policy of many states, despite the transnational nature of many contemporary health challenges. This ethical approach engages global health as a means to achieving national security objectives. Implicit in this ethical frame is the version of humanity that dichotomizes between “us” and “them”. What has been left out of this discourse, for the most part, is the role that foreign policy can play in extending the responsibility of states to protect and promote health of the other, for the sake of the other.SummaryThe principal purpose of this paper is to review arguments for a cosmopolitan ethics of health-based foreign policy. I will argue that health-based foreign policy that is motivated by security interests is lacking both morally and practically to further global health goals. In other words, a cosmopolitan ethic is not only intrinsically superior as a moral ideal, but also has potential to contribute to utilitarian ends. This paper draws on the cosmopolitanism literature to build robust support for foreign policies that contribute to sustainable systems of global health governance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmopolitanism and foreign policy for health: ethics for and beyond the state

Lencucha

2013

BMC Int Health Hum Rights

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“…A useful distinction may be the following: -poverty caused by external agents -poverty caused by natural forces (droughts, floods, handicaps, etc.) -and poverty brought about by the agents themselves (Gilabert 2004 …”

Section: World Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were used the local food price changes for the commodities with data for the June-December 2010 period. 1990199319961999200220052008Index (2002-2004 signal to others to hoard or build up strategic reserves. The latter occurs not just at the state level, but at every stage of the supply chain as the participants (including even small farmers and urban consumers) become convinced that it is in their interest to hold the physical grain stocks.…”

Section: Food Price Crisis and The Consequences For The Worlds Poorestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food crisis, food production and poverty

Grófová¹,

Srnec²

2012

AGR ECON-CZECH

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There is a sufficient global potential to produce the food required to feed the world population on the global level. Despite this, the number of hungry people worldwide was 925 million in 2010. Developing countries account for 98% of the world undernourished people and have a prevalence of undernourishment of 16%. Food security increasingly depends on non-agricultural factors like energy, trade and finance. The negative economic and social impacts of food, energy and the global economic and financial crises showed the vulnerability to poverty. High and rising food prices further undermined the food security and threatened the livelihoods of the most vulnerable by decreasing their already limited purchasing power. The main step in reducing poverty and hunger in developing countries is to invest in agriculture and rural development. Scaled-up investments in social protection that focus on nutrition and health are also crucial for improving the lives of the poorest people.  

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“…24) but the weak thesis cannot show that poverty should be eradicated (as opposed to diminished) by those who are responsible for the global factors because it cannot attribute all instances of poverty to those global factors. 12 For a very convincing critique of the thesis that the duty to eradicate poverty is solely negative see Gilabert (2004), Cruft (2005, and Satz (2005). Replying to his critics, Pogge says that there are of course positive duties, but that he does not need them for his argument (Pogge 2005a, b p.75).…”

Section: Corrective Justice Ii: the Revised Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

World Poverty as a Problem of Justice? A Critical Comparison of Three Approaches

Mieth

2007

Ethic Theory Moral Prac

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With regard to the problem of world poverty, libertarian theories of corrective justice emphasize negative duties and the idea of responsibility whereas utilitarian theories of help concentrate on positive duties based on the capacity of the helper. Thomas Pogge has developed a revised model of compensation that entails positive obligations that are generated by negative duties. He intends to show that the affluent are violating their negative duties to ensure that their conduct will not harm others: They are contributing to and profiting from an unjust global order. But the claim that negative duty generated positive obligations are more acceptable than positive duties is contestable. I examine whether Henry Shue's model that is integrating negative duties and positive duties is more convincing concerning the foundation of positive duties to protect others. I defend the idea that there are positive duties of justice. This approach can integrate an allocation of positive duties via responsibility and maintain the advantage of an independent foundation of positive duties.In this paper, I want to critically examine the idea that some forms of world poverty can be understood as outcomes of structural injustice that violates subsistence rights that should be guaranteed by institutions. In the first part of my paper I will present the crucial points of this discussion by introducing two alternative approaches: (a) classical liberalism with the idea of corrective justice, and (b) utilitarianism with the idea of individual positive duties. In the second part, I will introduce Thomas Pogge's recent attempt to show that positive obligations arise for the affluent inhabitants of industrialized countries to compensate for the violation of a negative duty not to harm the poor by imposing an unjust global economic order on them. But as a detailed debate has shown, Pogge's claim that our duties with regard to the poverty problem are primarily negative is not convincing. I want to defend the idea that positive duties of protection and assistance are important duties Ethic Theory Moral Prac (2008) 11:15-36

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The Duty to Eradicate Global Poverty: Positive or Negative?

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Cosmopolitanism and foreign policy for health: ethics for and beyond the state

Cosmopolitanism and foreign policy for health: ethics for and beyond the state

Food crisis, food production and poverty

World Poverty as a Problem of Justice? A Critical Comparison of Three Approaches

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