The dynamic behavior of continuous polymerization reactors—II Nonisothermal solution homopolymerization and copolymerization in a CSTR

LF‐LPV input/output data‐based predictive controller design for nonlinear systems

“…The em-Ž . pirical gel effect correlation by Hamer et al 1981 is included in the reactor model. This polymerization reactor model was developed for the description of an experimental CSTR system for styrene polymerization.…”

Control of continuous copolymerization reactors

“…In particular, the construction of the linear output-feedback controller can be done with a rather simplified model, and its tuning resorts to notions and tools from conventional control, like the ones employed in industrial practice. Finally, these findings and their associated methodology are applied to the control of the continuous copolymerization of vinyl acetate with methyl methacrylate, dissolved in ethyl acetate (Hamer et al, 1981). by a considerable increase in viscosity, which decreases the heat-removal capability.…”

“…R , and R , account for the autoacceleration phenomenon due to the gel effect (Hamer et al, 1981) and depends on the mixture viscosity, which in turn depends, via a free volume-type functionality (Alvarez et al, 19901, on the monomer conversion. From a practical operation point of view, the following variables are important production and product-grade attributes: where m c o p i = c c (kiM;+liM,")Dk,,, i = l , 2 , k = l I = 1 P, is the production rate (kg/h); X,, is the overall (mole basis) conversion; C, is the instantaneous copolymer composition of monomer 1; PM, is an average copolymer molecular weight based on the chain-length distribution, as defined in Congalidis et al (1989); Dk,, is the molar concentration (number of molecules/Avogadro's number) of copolymer chains with k and 1 units of monomers 1 and 2, respectively; MY is the molecular weight of the ith monomer; and p, and p2 are first and second moments of the copolymer chainlength distribution.…”

“…In a series of papers (Hamer et al, 1981;Ray, 1989, 1992a,b), the open-loop (i.e., without control) dynamics of a continuous solution copolymerization reactor Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to J. Alvarez. have been studied, showing phenomena that are typically nonlinear: steady-state multiplicity, unstable steady states, limit cycles, parametric sensitivity, and bifurcation.…”

“…If no contraction is considered E , = E , = 0 and ern,, ern,, and eS become the expressions of the usual copolymerization model (Hamer et al, 1981). There are eight states in the reactor: x1 = M, (concentration of monomer I),…”