The Dynamic Discipline of Species Delimitation: Progress Toward Effectively Recognizing Species Boundaries in Natural Populations

Leavitt, Steven D.; Moreau, Corrie S.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2235-4_2

Cited by 66 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 214 publications

(298 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, several studies have already demonstrated how poorly supported is the taxonomy of many emblematic taxa when they are challenged by detailed molecular studies. Recent studies show either that the currently accepted species are not recovered as monophyletic and traditional diagnostic morphological characters are highly homoplasious (Leavitt et al 2015), or that many independent lineages can be distinguished in a single species complex for which no morphological and chemical characters can be recognized. The best examples for the latter case are to be found in Cladonia (Pino-Bodas et al 2011, b, 2013a, and examples of the former can be found in the Vulpicida juniperus group (Mark et al 2012), the Peltigera polydactylon clade (Magain et al 2012b), or the Tephromela atra group (Muggia et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dismantling the treasured flagship lichen Sticta fuliginosa (Peltigerales) into four species in Western Europe

Magain

Sérusiaux

2015

Mycol Progress

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In the framework of a worldwide project on the phylogeny of the lichen genus Sticta, dedicated sampling was performed in four regions of Western Europe, roughly along an east-west line between N 48°02′ E 07°01′ and N 52°01′ W 09°30′, ranging from France/Vosges to Ireland/ Kerry. Five clearly distinct ITS haplotypes were detected for isidia-producing species where only two were expected. Subtle anatomical and morphological characters, together with a strongly supported 4-loci molecular phylogeny, permit distinguishing, besides the easily recognized S. canariensis and S. limbata: 1) the two well-known S. fuliginosa and S. sylvatica, whose type collections have been carefully reassessed; the former is widespread in both hemispheres, while the latter is correctly identified only from continental Europe and the Andes in Colombia. The barcode ITS of S. fuliginosa differs by a single substitution from S. limbata (with a single exception), and the 4-loci phylogenetic tree does not resolve them as distinct lineages, most probably highlighting a very recent divergence and incomplete lineage sorting. 2) Three species that were formely included in S. fuliginosa: the resurrected S. ciliata Taylor, belonging to a complex group yet to be disentangled and occurring in the Neotropics, Africa, Macaronesia, and Western Europe, and two species described as new to science, S. fuliginoides, found in continental Europe, the Canary Islands, eastern North America, and Colombia, and S. atlantica only known from Ireland and the Azores archipelago. Molecular inferences demonstrate active divergence and dispersion within S. ciliata that may require recognition of further species. Fresh material can be identified with a morphological and anatomical preliminary key provided here. We propose that the taxonomy of all lichen species be urgently reviewed in the light of molecular data in an evolutionary context, particularly those used as bioindicators of environmental change and woodland management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dismantling the treasured flagship lichen Sticta fuliginosa (Peltigerales) into four species in Western Europe

Magain

Sérusiaux

2015

Mycol Progress

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“…Robust hypotheses of species boundaries come from the inference of using multiple operational (empirical) criteria (Leavitt et al, 2015). Different operational criteria emphasize the many contingent properties (monophyly, differences in morphological features, ecological niches, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IT methods can be divided informally into two types of procedures: (1) step-by-step methods based on sequential analyses of independent data types, followed by a qualitative assessment of diversity in a hypothetico-deductive framework (Schlick-Steiner et al, 2010;Yeates et al, 2011;And ujar et al, 2014); and (2) model-based methods that simultaneously evaluate multiple data types, followed by delimitation of species based on a statistical or information criterion (Guillot et al, 2012;Edwards & Knowles, 2014;Sol ıs-Lemus et al, 2014). Both IT approaches can be used for the four focal areas of SDL: (1) validation of candidate species as evolutionary distinct lineages; (2) inferring species relationships; (3) detecting 'cryptic diversity'; and (4) individual specimen assignment to a species group (Edwards & Knowles, 2014;Leavitt, Moreau & Lumbsch, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different roads lead to Rome: Integrative taxonomic approaches lead to the discovery of two new lizard lineages in theLiolaemus montanusgroup (Squamata: Liolaemidae)

Aguilar

Wood

Belk

et al. 2016

Biol. J. Linn. Soc.

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Integrative taxonomy (IT) is becoming a preferred approach to delimiting species boundaries by including different empirical criteria. IT methods can be divided into two types of procedures both of which use multiple kinds of evidence: step-by-step approaches test hypotheses by sequential evaluation in a hypothetic-deductive framework, while model-based procedures delimit groups based on statistical information criteria. In this study we used a step-by-step approach and a Gaussian clustering (GC) method to test species boundaries in the northernmost species of the Liolaemus montanus group. We used different methods based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data, morphological measures and niche envelope variables. In contrast with GC, our step-by-step approach shows that one Andean population (Abra Apacheta) previously considered part of L. melanogaster, is actually nested within another clade; another Andean species, L. thomasi, is equivocally shown to be either a distinct species or conspecific with L. ortizi; and an additional Andean population (Abra Toccto) is delimited by concordance among most lines of evidence and different methods as a distinct lineage. However, one of the oldest and low-elevation populations (Nazca) is strongly delimited by all data sets and IT procedures as a new lineage distinct from any currently recognized species.

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“…Indeed, recent phylogenetic studies suggest high amounts of homoplasy in phenotypical characters used to delimit taxa in lichenized fungi (Grube et al 2004;Tehler and Irestedt 2007;Schmitt et al 2009;Rivas Plata and Lumbsch 2011;Lumbsch et al 2014a). Hence, molecular data have greatly increased our ability to identify distinct lineages, including the detection of numerous cryptic lineages (Crespo and Lumbsch 2010;Lumbsch and Leavitt 2011;Leavitt et al 2015). While numerous foliose and fruticose lichen groups have been studied in some detail, especially in the diverse Parmeliaceae, our knowledge on species delimitation in crustose lichens is still in its infancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five new species of Graphidaceae (Ascomycota, Ostropales) from Thailand

Naksuwankul¹,

Kraichak²,

Parnmen³

et al. 2016

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Five new species of Graphidaceae are described from Thailand. Molecular evidence and phenotypical characters support their independent status from related and similar species. Glaucotrema thailandicum Naksuwankul, Lücking & Lumbsch is unique within the genus in having submuriform ascospores. Ocellularia klinhomii Naksuwankul, Lücking & Lumbsch is characterized by having a whitish gray, rimose thallus with ascomata in verrucae and surrounded by a black ring and lack of secondary metabolites. Ocellularia phatamensis Naksuwankul, Parnmen & Lumbsch has a grayish, thick and rimose thallus, differing from O. klinhomii in lacking a dark apothecial rim and having ascomata that are not immersed in verrucae. Ocellularia thailandica Naksuwankul, Kraichak & Lumbsch differs from O. albocincta in lacking a columella. Ocellularia rotundifumosa Naksuwankul, Lücking & Lumbsch differs from O. fumosa in having ascospores with rounded ends. An epitype for O. krathingensis is selected.

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The Dynamic Discipline of Species Delimitation: Progress Toward Effectively Recognizing Species Boundaries in Natural Populations

Cited by 66 publications

References 214 publications

Dismantling the treasured flagship lichen Sticta fuliginosa (Peltigerales) into four species in Western Europe

Dismantling the treasured flagship lichen Sticta fuliginosa (Peltigerales) into four species in Western Europe

Different roads lead to Rome: Integrative taxonomic approaches lead to the discovery of two new lizard lineages in theLiolaemus montanusgroup (Squamata: Liolaemidae)

Five new species of Graphidaceae (Ascomycota, Ostropales) from Thailand

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