The dynamic of the US–Indonesia defence relations: the ‘IMET ban’ period

Inkiriwang, Frega Wenas

doi:10.1080/10357718.2020.1712327

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In his initial presidential term, Yudhoyono approached the USA to resume the International Military Education and Training (IMET) programme for TNI personnel. The US government later decided to lift the IMET ban in 2005 (Afrida, 2015; The Jakarta Post, 2005; Wenas Inkiriwang, 2020b; Wenas Inkiriwang, 2013). This good start assisted the Yudhoyono administration in managing the inauguration of a bilateral Indonesia–US army exercise, Garuda Shield, in 2007.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilateral Naval Exercise Komodo: Enhancing Indonesia’s Multilateral Defence Diplomacy?

Inkiriwang

2021

Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs

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Defence diplomacy has gained attention in the past decades. Hence, Indonesia has also developed its defence diplomacy for achieving its strategic interests. In Indonesia’s defence diplomacy, bilateral forms have dominated the practice of joint exercises with its defence partners. However, under the Yudhoyono administration in 2014, Indonesia hosted its first multilateral joint exercise, the Multilateral Naval Exercise Komodo (MNEK), which aimed at facilitating multilateral engagement with greater international partners. This exercise was continued by the Widodo administration as a biannual event in the following years. Since this multilateral exercise has rarely been studied, this article attempts to qualitatively examine how this exercise has developed and contributed to Indonesia’s multilateral defence diplomacy. To support the analysis, this article relies on a combination of documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews, including with numerous participants of past MNEK exercises in 2014, 2016, and 2018.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilateral Naval Exercise Komodo: Enhancing Indonesia’s Multilateral Defence Diplomacy?

Inkiriwang

2021

Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs

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“…In this regard, the intervention had set the U.S. image as a unilateralist power, whereas the U.S views that Indonesia is full of ardent nationalist sentiment (Murphy, 2010, p. 383). On military-to-military relations, the intervention had made Indonesia constantly cautious of becoming too reliant on U.S. military hardware (Inkiriwang, 2020). Taken as a whole, these two lessons could guide the policymakers in charting future relations between both nations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning from Past Policy: Assessing United States Foreign Policy over Indonesia in Resolving the 1999 East Timor Crisis

Nugroho

2021

JPI

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Assessing the output of past foreign policy is instrumental for any country to learn policy-relevant insights, to appreciate its experience, and to improve its future conduct. To glean such insights, this article borrows Baldwin’s framework in assessing the success and failure in foreign policy. Using a case study analysis, it assesses the United States’ (U.S.) influence attempt towards Indonesia to resolve the 1999 East Timor humanitarian crisis. President Clinton’s decision to undergo an influence attempt primarily aimed to change Indonesia’s policy while gaining support from U.S. allies in the process. The article finds that Clinton’s decision was a highly successful attempt. This finding is based on several factors: (1) the attempt effectively attained the intended primary and secondary goals at a considerably high degree; (2) it was conducted at a considerably low cost for the U.S.; (3) it inflicted a high cost towards Indonesia; (4) the increase in Clinton’s stake strengthened the U.S. resolve to pursue the influence attempt; and (5) Clinton had successfully overcome the difficult undertaking as Indonesia possessed higher stake over East Timor. These findings provide some lessons for both U.S. and Indonesian foreign policymakers to chart future relations for the two nations.

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“…However, in 1997, Suharto rejected the Expanded IMET and US' proposed sales of F-16 jet fighters, citing that he would not accept restrictions on military transfers on the basis of human rights. At that time, Suharto felt that the previous Congressional ban had humiliated Indonesia (Inkiriwang, 2020).…”

Section: Lingering Trauma Of the Arms Embargomentioning

confidence: 99%

Indonesia’s China and US Approach: Crafting Policies Out of Standard Operating Procedures

Tiola

2021

Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs

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This article examines Indonesia’s perceptions, strategies and policies towards the USA and China under the presidencies of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004–2014) and Joko Widodo’s first term and early second term (2014–2020). It argues that on a strategic level, Indonesia’s behaviours are in line with structural realist principles, where it adopts a prudent approach of maintaining its strategic autonomy. However, deviations from structural realism are identified in the operationalisation of this strategy into specific foreign and security policies. This article explains such deviations by employing Graham Allison and Philip Zelikow’s models of decision-making, and argues that such suboptimal policies are driven by two domestic political factors, namely, organisational behaviour and governmental politics. Specifically, the article highlights two key tendencies: (a) that policy makers tend to stick to some a priori guidelines within their organisations, despite changes in external pressures; and (b) that policies tend to be by-products of competition between government organisations. In Indonesia–China relations, these tendencies are most apparent in Indonesia’s approach in the South China Sea, where policies and narratives articulated by the government have been largely stagnant, despite increased intensity of China’s activities in Indonesia’s Exclusive Economic Zone. With regard to the USA, these factors manifest in the lack of tangible progress in defence and security cooperation between the two countries, due to a static interpretation of Indonesia’s Free and Active foreign policy maxim.

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The dynamic of the US–Indonesia defence relations: the ‘IMET ban’ period

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Multilateral Naval Exercise Komodo: Enhancing Indonesia’s Multilateral Defence Diplomacy?

Multilateral Naval Exercise Komodo: Enhancing Indonesia’s Multilateral Defence Diplomacy?

Learning from Past Policy: Assessing United States Foreign Policy over Indonesia in Resolving the 1999 East Timor Crisis

Indonesia’s China and US Approach: Crafting Policies Out of Standard Operating Procedures

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