The dynamic strength of partially saturated powder compacts: the effect of liquid properties

Colloidal crystals and water: Perspectives on liquid–solid nanoscale phenomena in wet particulate media

“…The large neck size leads to merging in the presence of a further neighboring sphere (Figure 9c). Interestingly, water does not flood the interstice between the spheres (which contradicts observations and predictions elsewhere [47,78,79,91]), which is a relevant aspect because menisci need of the gaseous phase to exert a capillary force between the spheres [33,36].…”

“…By extension, one can include into this type capillary suspensions [ 30 , 31 ], which are dense particles-liquid-liquid systems governed by capillary forces. Unsaturated particulate media include solid colloidal aggregates [32], powders [33,34] and granular materials [35−,36,37]. Such systems are ubiquitous in nature (from soot to feathers to rocks and soils) as well as in technological and industrial materials, in intermediate or final form (coatings, desiccants, cements, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, modern ceramics, thermal and radiation shields, metallurgy...).…”

Mixing of a wet granular medium: Effect of the particle size, the liquid and the granular compacity on the intensity consumption

“…A preliminary study allowed the optimal process parameters to be set: an impeller speed of 120 rpm, a droplet-by-droplet liquid flow rate of 40 ml/min, and a powder volume "V T " of 1250 cm 3 (This volume take into account the volume of solid "V S " and the inter-particle porous volume "V P "). The liquid was added using a peristaltic pump and a feeder pipe, 3 mm in diameter.…”

“…The mixing (liquid flow of 40 ml/min, rotation velocity of 120 rpm) was stopped in the funicular state in order to take five wet granular samples (≈10 cm 3 ) in different places of the bowl (in the middle or at the wall). With the masses of the wet and dried (24 h at 100 • C) samples, the liquid content present in every sample could be determined and compared with the liquid amount really added in the mixer.…”

“…In a granular medium wetted by water, the dominant force is the cohesive capillary force "F C " [3]. This force depend on the particle diameter "d", on the liquid superficial tension " L ", and on a function that takes into account the contact angle "Â", the filling angle of the liquid bridge "ˇ" (Fig.…”