The dynamical axes of Kepler motion

Abstract

Each of the dynamical quantities of Kepler motion—the total energy and the angular momentum—separately determines a corresponding dynamical axis of the elliptical orbit. The use of these axes expresses the dynamical quantities on an equal footing, enhances visualization, and deepens understanding of Kepler motion.

Quantum Mechanics of the electron particle-clock

“…The Lorentz invariant "β-factor" in the general form (47) for a "Real Dirac spinor " has been singled out for special consideration. As this factor is so deeply buried in matrix representations for spinors, its existence has not been generally recognized and its physical interpretation has remained problematic to this day.…”

“…Instead, one must compare the averages over an ensemble of atoms with different spatial orientations derived in (304) and (305). Bucher [47] has pointed out that an ellipse's geometric properties of size and shape have independent quantitative representations by its major axis and semilatus rectum respectively, or, for a particle orbit, by total energy and angular momentum. Consequently, the major axis can be held constant while the angular momentum in (332) is averaged to get…”