2022
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2201.00882
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The dynamics and outcome of star formation with jets, radiation, winds, and supernovae in concert

Michael Y. Grudić,
Dávid Guszejnov,
Stella S. R. Offner
et al.

Abstract: We analyze the first giant molecular cloud (GMC) simulation to follow the formation of individual stars and their feedback from jets, radiation, winds, and supernovae, using the STARFORGE framework in the GIZMO code. We evolve the GMC for ∼ 9Myr, from initial turbulent collapse to dispersal by feedback. Protostellar jets dominate feedback momentum initially, but radiation and winds cause cloud disruption at ∼ 8% star formation efficiency (SFE), and the first supernova at 8.3Myr comes too late to influence star… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(16 citation statements)
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References 131 publications
(201 reference statements)
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“…Finally, we conclude that both gravity and outflow feedback affect the velocity field, driving larger velocity dispersion in star-forming regions. In particular, outflows enhance fragmentation (Federrath et al 2014b;Mathew & Federrath 2021;Grudić et al 2022). Compared with gravity, the outflow has its effect on larger scales up to ∼ 1 pc at least (see Fig.…”
Section: The Structure Function Of Dense Star-forming Regionsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Finally, we conclude that both gravity and outflow feedback affect the velocity field, driving larger velocity dispersion in star-forming regions. In particular, outflows enhance fragmentation (Federrath et al 2014b;Mathew & Federrath 2021;Grudić et al 2022). Compared with gravity, the outflow has its effect on larger scales up to ∼ 1 pc at least (see Fig.…”
Section: The Structure Function Of Dense Star-forming Regionsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…With all the approaches to SN feedback, the majority of lowmass clusters have finished their accretion before the onset of SNe at 3-4 Myr, leading to little difference in the durations between our approaches. Such short durations indicate that the other sources of feedback are able to terminate cluster formation before the start of SN feedback (Kruijssen et al 2019;Grudić et al 2022). SN feedback remains more relevant for massive clusters.…”
Section: Timing Of Supernova Feedbackmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, this assumption may be incorrect. For example, using a simulation of a star cluster forming out of a 2×10 4 M GMC, Grudić et al (2022) find that massive stars (𝑚 > 10 M ) finish accreting 1 Myr later than the average star. Padoan et al (2020) of SN, they do not account for this systematic delay in the formation of individual stars.…”
Section: Timing Of Supernova Feedbackmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Clarke & Pringle 1993;Pfalzner et al 2005;Rosotti et al 2014; Dai ★ E-mail: lin.qiao@qmul.ac.uk 1 https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ et al 2015; Vincke & Pfalzner 2016;Rodriguez et al 2018;Winter et al 2018a;Cuello et al 2019Cuello et al , 2020Parker 2020). In massive stellar clusters, massive stars also form, which emit large amounts of UV photons that photoionise and disperse the star forming cloud (McKee 1989;Walch et al 2012;Dale et al 2014;Geen et al 2015Geen et al , 2016Ali et al 2018;Ali 2021;Grudić et al 2021Grudić et al , 2022. This injection of energy into the surroundings is called "feedback" and the main focus of prior simulations into this has been the effect on the star formation within clouds.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%