“…A single pair of mismatched alleles at only one het locus is sufficient to trigger the HI pathway in heterokaryotic fungal hyphae (Leslie and Zeller, 1996; Glass et al ., 2000; Saupe, 2000; Glass and Dementhon, 2006; Pinan‐Lucarré et al ., 2007). Nonself recognition and HI has been shown to prevent virus transmission within fungal populations and resource plundering between genetically dissimilar individuals (Debets et al ., 1994; Debets and Griffiths, 1998; Fiers et al ., 1999; Biella et al ., 2002). HI is conserved in many different divisions of filamentous fungi, including ascomycete, basidiomycete and zygomycete species (Leslie and Zeller, 1996; Worrall, 1997; Giovannetti et al ., 2003; Glass and Kaneko, 2003).…”