The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?

Selwaness, Irène; Krafft, Caroline

doi:10.1007/s11113-020-09596-6

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The estimated effects in panels B and D, therefore, include any selection effects into participation. If, as traditional selection models would predict, workers are positively selected on wage rates, then the true magnitude of the negative impact of children on female wage rates would be larger than implied by our estimates 7. The child penalties in panels B-D ofFigure 1are unconditional penalties: when estimating the effect of parenthood on one particular margin, we are not controlling for the other two margins in the regression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Interestingly, the estimated long-run penalties in hours, participation, and wage rates are similar in magnitude, implying that these margins are roughly equally important for the earnings impacts. 7 While our primary goal in this paper is to understand gender inequality, we note that the event studies of working hours and participation contribute to the large literature on family labor supply and fertility by providing clean estimates of the labor supply implications of the first child.…”

Section: Impacts On Earnings Labor Supply and Wagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Children and Gender Inequality: Evidence from Denmark

Kleven

Landais

Søgaard

2019

American Economic Journal: Applied Economics

353

189

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Using Danish administrative data, we study the impacts of children on gender inequality in the labor market. The arrival of children creates a long-run gender gap in earnings of around 20 percent driven by hours worked, participation, and wage rates. We identify mechanisms driving these “child penalties” in terms of occupation, sector, and firm choices. We find that the fraction of gender inequality caused by child penalties has featured a dramatic increase over the last three to four decades. Finally, we show that child penalties are transmitted through generations, from parents to daughters, suggesting an influence of childhood environment on gender identity. (JEL D63, J13, J16, J22, J31, J71)

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mentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Impacts On Earnings Labor Supply and Wagementioning

confidence: 99%

Children and Gender Inequality: Evidence from Denmark

Kleven

Landais

Søgaard

2019

American Economic Journal: Applied Economics

353

189

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“…For future LMPSs, we will also be ensuring that both men and women are asked about gender role attitudes, as well as adding a brief contraception and pregnancy question series to the fertility history. Given the importance of the "second shift" to women's challenges reconciling market work and domestic responsibilities (Assaad et al, 2017;ERF and UN Women, 2020;Selwaness and Krafft, 2021), we recommend adding a 24-h our time diary to future LMPSs.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the LMPSs have detailed modules examining residential mobility and migration, educational, marital, fertility, and job market histories. They have already spawned an extensive body of research on schooling patterns and outcomes (Assaad and Krafft, 2015;Assaad and Saleh, 2018;Elbadawy, 2015;Hailat, 2019), school-to-work transitions and labor market insertion of youth (Amer, 2014(Amer, , 2019Amer and Atallah, 2019;Assaad, 2008;Assaad and Krafft, 2021;Gebel and Heyne, 2016), household formation and fertility patterns (Assaad et al, 2010;Assaad et al, 2017;Friedrich et al, 2020;Krafft, 2020;Krafft and Assaad, 2020;Selwaness and Krafft, 2021;Sieverding et al, 2020;Sieverding et al, 2019), migration (Malaeb and Wahba, 2019;Wahba, 2015), wage formation and patterns of inequality (El-Hamidi and Said, 2014;Said, 2015;Salehi-Isfahani et al, 2009), barriers to women's employment (Assaad et al, 2020;Assaad et al, 2014;Hendy, 2015), and many other topics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016

Krafft

Assaad

2021

IZA Journal of Development and Migration

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This paper introduces the 2016 wave of the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey (JLMPS). It is an essential reference for users of this innovative and valuable dataset, which adds to the growing series of labor market panel surveys (LMPSs) produced by the Economic Research Forum (ERF). The 2016 wave is a follow-up on the initial 2010 wave. There has been substantial turmoil in the region since 2010, including the onset of the Syrian conflict and the influx of refugees into Jordan. The 2016 wave over-sampled areas with a high proportion of non-Jordanians to be able to represent and examine this important population. The paper describes this sampling strategy, attrition from 2010 to 2016, and weighting that corrects for attrition and accounts for the sampling strategy. We compare key demographic measures and labor market statistics with other sources of data on Jordan to demonstrate the sample's representativeness. The data provide an important opportunity for a detailed analysis of Jordan's changing labor market and society.

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“…For example, a case study from Morocco finds that women are concentrated in low-return sectors, likely because of gendered barriers to entry into other sectors (Marotta, Prettitore, & Verme, 2015). It may be difficult for young women to stay in school and the labour force if they form formal or informal unions or begin childbearing at an early age (Selwaness & Krafft, 2018). Thus, the socio-cultural context of family responsibilities also shapes opportunities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Transformation and Gendered Transitions to Adulthood among Rural Youth: Cross-National Evidence from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Heckert

Pereira

Doss³

et al. 2020

The Journal of Development Studies

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Using frameworks on gendered transitions to adulthood, we analyse nationally-representative, sex-disaggregated data from 36 countries to examine how structural transformation (share of GDP from non-agriculture) and rural transformation (agricultural value added per worker) are associated with landownership, labour force participation, and sector of employment for rural young women and men. Transformation has different implications for young men's and women's transition to adulthood. Higher levels of structural transformation are associated with a higher likelihood of landownership for young men, but not young women. Structural transformation is associated with lower employment of young rural men and women alike but is positively associated with on-farm employment of young women. Rural transformation is associated with a higher probability of employment for young rural men, but not women. Instead, rural transformation is negatively associated with young women's on-farm work and positively associated with not being in education, employment, or training. Whereas domestic responsibilities affect young women's livelihoods more than young men's, recognising the importance of both productive and reproductive roles in young women's and men's lives is needed to support the transition to adulthood at different levels of structural and rural transformation.

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The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?

Cited by 27 publications

References 51 publications

Children and Gender Inequality: Evidence from Denmark

Children and Gender Inequality: Evidence from Denmark

Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016

Structural Transformation and Gendered Transitions to Adulthood among Rural Youth: Cross-National Evidence from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

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