The dynamics of masculine-agentic and feminine-communal traits: Findings from a prospective study.

Abele, Andrea E.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.4.768

Cited by 443 publications

(482 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Further fine-grained inferential analysis, involving one-way between-groups MANOVAs indicated the only significant main effect related to gender ratings for the warmth of the Thai speaker F(1, 202) = 8.28, p<0.05 (p=0.004), η2=0.039, with female evaluations (mean=54.12, SD=12.67) significantly more favourable than those of males (mean=48.53, SD=13.05). The possibility exists that the differences may result from a greater tendency for females to prioritise warmth over competence dimensions in social cognition more broadly (see Abele, 2003). Nevertheless, this finding is particularly interesting because whilst it is perhaps unremarkable that Thai-born females would express especially high levels of ingroup loyalty with native female speakers of the Thai language, it indicates that the effect is extended to Thai females speaking in an L2 (i.e., English).…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 45%

“…Interestingly, the dual factors of status and solidarity/social attractiveness found in prior language attitude studies seem to broadly reflect the universal attitudinal dimensions of social cognition: competence (related to perceived ability and efficacy) and warmth (related to perceived friendliness and trustworthiness) (Cuddy, Fiske and Glick, 2008;Fiske, Cuddy and Glick, 2006). The primacy of these two content dimensions has been firmly established by the results of numerous studies, conducted by social psychologists, examining individuals' judgments of a range of other social groups within society, including differences in gender (e.g., Abele, 2003), race (e.g., Fiske et al, 2002), ethnicity (e.g., Kenworthy and Nicole, 2008), age (Cuddy, Norton and Fiske, 2005), and nationality (e.g., Kervyn et al, 2008). More specifically, there is considerable empirical evidence suggesting that groups of individuals perceived as both warm and competent elicit consistently positive emotions from participant judges (e.g., nurses) whilst those groups perceived as low in both dimensions elicit uniform negativity and (frequently) contempt (e.g., welfare recipients).…”

Section: Social Judgments Of Linguistic Variation In L2 English-speakmentioning

confidence: 88%

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The competence and warmth of Thai students’ attitudes towards varieties of English: the effect of gender and perceptions of L1 diversity

McKenzie

Kitikanan

Boriboon

2015

Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development

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Previous language attitude research indicates that presenting speech forms allows listeners to index information about and attach social meaning to the perceived group(s) of speakers. Despite the volume of research undertaken elsewhere in Asia, there appear to be no indepth studies investigating Thai nationals' evaluations of specific varieties of English speech. This large-scale study examines 204 Thai university students' attitudes towards forms of UK, US, Japanese, Chinese, Thai and Indian English, provided by highly proficient female speakers. The study also examines the extent to which Thai students' perceptions of linguistic diversity in their L1 and their gender affect their attitudes. Multivariate analysis demonstrated UK, US and Thai English speech was ranked significantly higher than other Asian forms of English, for competence and warmth, attitudinal dimensions consistent with recent findings in social cognition. Further analysis indicated females and those most positive towards L1 variation expressed significantly higher levels of ingroup loyalty towards Thai English speakers. The findings are compared and contrasted with the results of equivalent studies undertaken in other Asian contexts and, given recent cutting-edge research in social cognition confirming the primacy of warmth judgements, calls for language attitude researchers to consider speaker warmth ratings more fully in future studies.

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Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 45%

Section: Social Judgments Of Linguistic Variation In L2 English-speakmentioning

confidence: 88%

The competence and warmth of Thai students’ attitudes towards varieties of English: the effect of gender and perceptions of L1 diversity

McKenzie

Kitikanan

Boriboon

2015

Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development

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“…Men are often expected to be strong, competent, and aggressive, whereas women are often expected to be weak, warm, and passive (19)(20)(21). Men are more likely than women to commit violent behaviors (22), and thus males are perceived to be more strongly associated than females with negative potencies such as violence and destruction (23,24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Female hurricanes are deadlier than male hurricanes

Castellano¹,

Castiello²,

Fanelli

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

150

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Do people judge hurricane risks in the context of gender-based expectations? We use more than six decades of death rates from US hurricanes to show that feminine-named hurricanes cause significantly more deaths than do masculine-named hurricanes. Laboratory experiments indicate that this is because hurricane names lead to gender-based expectations about severity and this, in turn, guides respondents' preparedness to take protective action. This finding indicates an unfortunate and unintended consequence of the gendered naming of hurricanes, with important implications for policymakers, media practitioners, and the general public concerning hurricane communication and preparedness.gender stereotypes | implicit bias | risk perception | natural hazard communication | bounded rationality E stimates suggest that hurricanes kill more than 200 people in the United States annually, and severe hurricanes can cause fatalities in the thousands (1). As the global climate changes, the frequency and severity of such storms is expected to increase (2). However, motivating hurricane preparedness remains a major challenge for local and state authorities (3). Although natural hazards such as hurricanes represent both physical and social phenomena (4, 5), meteorologists and geoscientists point out that too little attention has been paid to findings from the social sciences about subjective risk perceptions (6, 7). Those findings highlight the importance of understanding how assessments of risk from threats in the environment are often influenced not only by environmental and social cues (8, 9), but also by irrelevant psychological factors (10-12).We demonstrate that a natural disaster can, merely by being symbolically associated with a given sex through its assigned name, be judged in ways congruent with the corresponding social roles and expectations of that sex (13-16). In particular, analyses of archival data on actual fatalities caused by hurricanes in the United States (1950States ( -2012 indicate that severe hurricanes with feminine names are associated with significantly higher death rates. An explanation for this unexpected finding is tested in six experiments. These experiments show that gender-congruent perceptions of intensity and strength are responsible for malenamed hurricanes being perceived as riskier and more intense than female-named hurricanes. These findings have important implications for hurricane preparedness and public safety.US hurricanes used to be given only female names, a practice that meteorologists of a different era considered appropriate due to such characteristics of hurricanes as unpredictability (17). This practice came to an end in the late 1970s with increasing societal awareness of sexism, and an alternating male-female naming system was adopted (17). Even though the gender of hurricanes is now preassigned and arbitrary, the question remains: do people judge hurricane risks in the context of gender-based expectations?Research shows that women and men are socialized to have different social ro...

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“…It has been also proved, that females perform better in tasks involving social odors (Chen and Haviland-Jones 2000). It is interesting whether levels of agency and communion, personality traits considered to be stereotypically masculine and stereotypically feminine respectively (Abele 2003), mediate the effect of biological sex on olfactory performance. Moreover, the observed lack of significant correlation between odor sensitivity and eagerness to engage in social activities in the healthy group in the current study may be the result of all participants being male.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inventory consists of three independent subscales: Masculinity, Femininity, and Masculinity-Femininity. The first two are commonly used to assess agency and communion respectively (Abele 2003;Helgeson 1994). The attributes of the agency (Masculinity) scale indicate competitiveness, self-confidence, and instrumentality (Sample pairs of attributes: BNot at all independent -Very independent^, BVery passive -Very active^).…”

Section: Personality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship between olfactory sensitivity and personality in HIV-seropositive and healthy men

et al. 2018

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The aim of this study was to further elucidate the relationship between the olfactory system and psychosocial functioning. Previous studies have shown that olfactory sensitivity is related to traits such as extraversion, agreeableness, and emotionality. In this study, the model of agency and communion as well as additional measures of social activity were used. The possible influence of HIV infection, believed to affect both chemosensory functions and social behaviors, was examined. 103 male participants were analyzed, of whom 45 were infected with HIV. Olfactory sensitivity was significantly related to the level of communion (p = .01), trait defined as interpersonal warmth, devotion to others, and morality. The effect was independent of the presence of HIV. Eagerness to engage in social activities, a construct indicating how actively one takes part in social life, was positively associated with olfactory sensitivity only in HIV+ individuals (p = .003). This result may imply that active participation in social life can buffer olfactory impairments in HIV patients.

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The dynamics of masculine-agentic and feminine-communal traits: Findings from a prospective study.

Cited by 443 publications

References 18 publications

The competence and warmth of Thai students’ attitudes towards varieties of English: the effect of gender and perceptions of L1 diversity

The competence and warmth of Thai students’ attitudes towards varieties of English: the effect of gender and perceptions of L1 diversity

Female hurricanes are deadlier than male hurricanes

On the relationship between olfactory sensitivity and personality in HIV-seropositive and healthy men

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