The dynamics of social change in Later Iron Age eastern and south–eastern England c. 300 BC–AD 43

Hill, J. D.

doi:10.2307/j.ctvh1dsh9.4

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…In terms of the development of Silchester, this evidence suggests that the nucleation of local farming communities may have played a role in the development of this oppidum. This fits the internal model of oppida development, whereby new communities moved into new areas of the landscape and continued to cultivate the same crops (Hill 2007).…”

Section: Archaeobotanical Contextsupporting

confidence: 61%

Arable weed seeds as indicators of regional cereal provenance: a case study from Iron Age and Roman central-southern Britain

Lodwick

2018

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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The ability to provenance crop remains from archaeological sites remains an outstanding research question in archaeology. Archaeobotanists have previously identified the movement of cereals on the basis of regional variations in the presence of cereal grain, chaff and weed seeds (the consumer-producer debate), and the use of weed seeds indicative of certain geological areas, principally at Danebury hillfort. Whilst the former approach has been heavily criticised over the last decade, the qualitative methods of the latter have not been evaluated. The first interregional trade in cereals in Britain is currently dated to the Iron Age hillfort societies of the mid first millennium BC. Several centuries later, the development of urban settlements in the Late Iron Age and Roman period contained residents reliant on food produced elsewhere. Using the case study of central-southern Britain, centred on the oppidum and civitas capital of Silchester, this paper presents the first regional quantitative analysis of arable weed seeds in order to identify cereal origin. Analysis of the weed seeds present alongside the fine-sieving by-products of the glume wheat Triticum spelta (spelt wheat) shows that the weed floras of samples from diverse geological areas can be separated on the basis of the geological preferences of individual taxa. A preliminary finding is that rather than being supplied with cereals from the wider landscape of the Hampshire Downs, crops were produced within close proximity of Late Iron Age Silchester. The method presented here requires further high quality samples to evaluate this, and other instances of cereal movement in the past.

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Section: Archaeobotanical Contextsupporting

confidence: 61%

Arable weed seeds as indicators of regional cereal provenance: a case study from Iron Age and Roman central-southern Britain

Lodwick

2018

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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“…, it soon became apparent that the quantity of imported wine was insufficient to support an élite class dependent on the regular consumption of prestige goods (Haselgrove 1996:168-175), and such models fell out of favour. In current narratives of the period, the role of imported material culture has shifted considerably, now being regarded as a symptom rather than cause of social change (Hill 2007). Consequently, most British oppida are seen as the culmination of longer-term indigenous developments, including population increase, settlement expansion, and diasporas (Hill 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In current narratives of the period, the role of imported material culture has shifted considerably, now being regarded as a symptom rather than cause of social change (Hill 2007). Consequently, most British oppida are seen as the culmination of longer-term indigenous developments, including population increase, settlement expansion, and diasporas (Hill 2007). Similarly, south-eastern oppida such as Camulodunum (Colchester) and Verlamion (St Albans) are viewed as a manifestation of the emergence of kingship (Creighton 2000), a phenomenon shaped by a combination of local political situations, contact with Rome and the Continent, and longer-term processes (Hill 2007:33).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, if imported material culture is no longer important in understanding the late Iron Age to Roman transition, what role did it play? Hill (2007) rightly points out that little attention is given to time-depth and understanding the social context of cross-channel trade with Britain in core-periphery models. Although scholarship has often focused on explaining the genesis of oppida (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Re-thinking the Southern British Oppida : Networks, Kingdoms and Material Culture

Pitts

2010

Eur. j. archaeol.

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This article examines the role of a range of large settlements in late Iron Age and early Roman southern Britain (c.100 BC–AD 70) conventionally described as oppida. After reviewing current perspectives on the function and chronology of British oppida, new insights are provided through the statistical analysis of assemblages of brooches and imported ceramics at a broad sample of sites. Analysis of material culture reveals distinct similarities and differences between several groups of sites, often transcending regional traditions and supposed tribal boundaries. This patterning is primarily explained by the emergence of new forms of political organization prior to Roman annexation, particularly the creation of the Southern and Eastern Kingdoms.

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“…Collis 1972; Dent 1983). Recent work has addressed the interpretation of hillforts, examining how these may have been used in warfare and, crucially, how evidence for martial activities and violence is discussed within the literature (Armit 2007; Hill 1996; 2007; James 2007; Sharples 1991a). The majority of publications stress a cautious approach to the interpretation of martial activities because we lack a representative sample of weaponry throughout the period, and many of the arms recovered appear to have had a ceremonial or ritual purpose (James 2007; Ritchie and Ritchie 1997; Stead 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Cranial Trauma Provide Evidence for Projectile Weaponry in Late Iron Age Dorset?

Redfern¹

2009

Oxford J Archaeology

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Human remains form an independent dataset with which to examine martial activity in past societies, particularly how to understand the types of weaponry used and who was subject to lethal violence. In the Late Iron Age of Dorset (first century BC to first century AD), these data are useful in understanding such activity in light of the small range of extant evidence.This bioarchaeological study examined the crania of 80 inhumed and articulated sexed adults, using forensic, bioarchaeological and clinical criteria to determine whether osteological evidence for sharp and blunt projectiles could be observed. The sample showed evidence for peri-and ante-mortem traumas, with the majority of injuries sustained at the time of death; most affected males and were caused by blunt projectiles. Healed injuries were observed in both sexes but only females had evidence for remodelled blunt projectile injuries. The age-groups affected were predominantly young and middle-aged adults, suggesting that weapon training began early in life.

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The dynamics of social change in Later Iron Age eastern and south–eastern England c. 300 BC–AD 43

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Arable weed seeds as indicators of regional cereal provenance: a case study from Iron Age and Roman central-southern Britain

Arable weed seeds as indicators of regional cereal provenance: a case study from Iron Age and Roman central-southern Britain

Re-thinking the Southern British Oppida : Networks, Kingdoms and Material Culture

Does Cranial Trauma Provide Evidence for Projectile Weaponry in Late Iron Age Dorset?

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